The first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in St. Petersburg on March 2, 2020; the period of increase in the incidence lasted for 10 weeks, the maximum rates were recorded in mid-May, and subsequently there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence.Objective: to determine the level and structure of community immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of St. Petersburg during the period of intensive spread of COVID-19.Materials and methods. Selection of volunteers for the study was carried out through interviewing and randomization. The exclusion criterion was active COVID-19 infection at the time of the survey. 2713 people aged 1 to 70 years and above were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay.Results and discussion. Studies have shown that in St. Petersburg, in the active phase of COVID-19 epidemic, there was a moderate seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2, which amounted to 26 %, against the background of a high frequency (84.5 %) of asymptomatic infection in seropositive individuals who did not have a history of COVID-19 disease, positive PCR result and ARI symptoms on the day of examination. The maximum indicators of herd immunity were established in children 1–6 years old (31.1 %), 7–13 years old (37.7 %) and people over 70 years old (30.4 %). Differences in the level of seroprevalence in the age groups of 18–49 years are statistically significant. The highest level of seroprevalence was found among the unemployed (29.7 %), healthcare workers (27.1 %), education sector (26.4 %) and business sector personnel (25 %). In convalescents, COVID-19 antibodies are produced in 75 % of cases. In individuals with positive result of PCR analysis carried out earlier, antibodies are detected in 70 % of the cases. The results of the study of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are essential to forecast the development of the epidemiological situation, as well as to plan measures for specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19.
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, dubbed COVID-19, has become one of the most serious challenges for human populations in the vast majority of countries worldwide. Rapid spreading and increased mortality related to it required new approaches to manage epidemic processes on a global scale. One of such approaches was based on analyzing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence associated with COVID-19. Our aim was to summarize the results on assessing seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Nc) in residents from 26 regions of the Russian Federation, carried out during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic.Materials and methods. Seroprevalence distribution was examined in 26 model regions of the Russian Federation according to the unified method developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the Federal State Institution Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Such approach implied formation of a group of volunteer subjects in model geographic region who were tested by ELISA for anti-Nc serum antibody level in peripheral blood. Analyzed primary data obtained in separate regions were either accepted for publication or released.Results. The current paper finalizes the data obtained in all 26 regions of the Russian Federation. The total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 19.5 (10.0–25.6)% with the maximum and minimum value found in the Kaliningrad Region and the Republic of Crimea, respectively (50.2% vs. 4.3%). A pattern of age-related seroprevalence distribution indicates insignificant predominance of seroprevalence among subjects of 1–17 years old: 22.1 (13.1–31.8)%. Among COVID-19 convalescents positive for SARS-CoV Nc antibodies it reached 60.0 (40.0–73.3)%. The number of contact persons comprised 6285 subjects or 8.5% of total volunteer cohort, with the level of seroprevalence reaching up to 25.3 (17.95–35.8)%. A direct correlation was revealed between levels of seroprevalence in convalescent and contact volunteers. In addition, the reproductive number for SARS-CoV was calculated comprising 5.8 (4.3–8.5) suggesting that one convalescent subject can infect at least 4 healthy individuals. A high level of asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 among seropositive subjects was confirmed empirically comprising up to 93.6 (87.1–94.9)%.Conclusion. A single cross-sectional study performed during 2020 June–August timeframe allowed to assess pattern of sex- and agerelated COVID-19 seroprevalence for general population in 26 Russian Federation regions. The data obtained may serve as a basis for the longitudinal cohort investigation with serial subject sampling. The timing and duration of study will be determined by dynamics of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
В статье на примере Саммита «Группы двадцати» в Санкт-Петербурге (5-6 сентября 2013 г.) обоснованы основные принципы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия в период подготовки к мероприятию. Показана важность и необходимость оценки эпидемиологических рисков, определены приоритетные направления мероприятий в подготовительный период. Установлена приоритетность проведения эпидемиологического надзора и лабораторного контроля в отношении планируемых мест проживания участников мероприятия, поставщиков продуктов и предприятий общественного питания.Ключевые слова: массовое мероприятие, эпидемиологический надзор, эпидемиологические риски, лабораторный контроль, противоэпидемические мероприятия.Established are the basic principles of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision in the preparations to and managing of the public event by the example of "G-20" Summit. Outlined is the significance and essentiality of epidemiological risk assessment. Specified are the areas of priority as regards anti-epidemic activities in the run-up period. Established is the priority of epidemiological surveillance and laboratory control over the places of residence of participants, caterers and supplying companies, and public catering facilities.
В конце 2019 – начале 2020 годов появились сообщения о вспышке инфекции, вызванной новым штаммом бета-коронавируса SARS-CoV-2, заболевание ВОЗ определила как coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). В Санкт-Петербурге первый случай COVID-19 был диагностирован 2 марта 2020 г., период нарастания заболеваемости продолжался в течение 10 недель, максимальные показатели были зафиксированы в середине мая, в дальнейшем отмечалось статистически значимое снижение заболеваемости. Целью проведенного сероэпидемиологического исследования было определение уровня и структуры популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Санкт-Петербурга в период интенсивного распространения COVID-19. Отбор волонтеров для исследования проводили методом анкетирования и рандомизации путем случайной выборки. Критерием исключения была активная инфекция COVID-19 в момент анкетирования. На наличие специфических антител к SARS-CoV-2 обследовано 2713 человек. Возраст обследованных добровольцев варьировал от 1 года до 70 лет и старше. Результаты исследования показали, что в Санкт-Петербурге в активную фазу заболеваемости COVID-19 наблюдалась умеренная серопревалентность к SARS-CoV-2, составившая 26%, на фоне высокой частоты (84,5%) бессимптомной инфекции у серопозитивных лиц, не имевших в анамнезе перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, положительного результата ПЦР и симптомов ОРВИ в день обследования. Максимальные показатели коллективного иммунитета установлены у детей 1-6 лет (31,1%), детей 7-13 лет (37,7%) и лиц старше 70 лет (30,4%), различия с уровнем серопревалентности в возрастных группах 18-49 лет статистически значимы. В социально-профессиональной структуре населения наибольший уровень серопревалентности выявлен среди безработных (29,7%), работников здравоохранения (27,1%), образования (26,4%) и бизнеса (25%). У реконвалесцентов COVID-19 антитела вырабатываются в 75% случаев. У лиц с позитивным результатом ПЦР-анализа, проведенного ранее, антитела выявляются в 70% случаев. Результаты исследования о состоянии коллективного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 необходимы для разработки прогноза развития эпидемиологической ситуации, а также планирования мероприятий по специфической и неспецифической профилактике COVID-19.
служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Москва, Россия 3 Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 4 Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по городу Санкт-Петербургу, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 5 Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Ленинградской области,
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