Микрофлора кишечника может служить своеобразным маркером состояния макроорганизма, способным реагировать на возрастные, физиологические, диетические, климато-географические факторы изменением качественного и количественного составов. Последнее десятилетие характеризуется значимой переоценкой причастности бактерий кишечника к прогрессированию хронических заболеваний человека. В статье представлен обзор современной литературы, обобщающий экспериментальные и клинические данные о роли кишечной микробиоты (МК) в развитии атеросклероза и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Предпринята попытка проанализировать взаимные модифицирующие воздействия МК и основных классов лекарственных препаратов, применяемых в кардиологии, а также затронуты ограничения и направления будущих исследований в этой области.Ключевые слова: кишечная микробиота, атерогенез, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, кардиотропная терапия Resume Gut microbiota (GM) is a peculiar marker of the macroorganism status, capable of responding to the age, physiological, dietary, climatic and geographical factors by changing the qualitative and quantitative compositions. The last decade is characterized by a signifi cant reassessment of the involvement of gut microbiota into the progression of chronic human diseases. This article presents an overview of recent experimental and clinical data on the role of gut microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. An attempt has been made to analyze the mutual modifying eff ects of GM and the main types of drugs used in cardiology, as well as the limitations and directions of future research in this fi eld.

The intestinal microbiota is a marker of the organism state, capable of direct and indirect interacting. The main mechanisms underlying interactions are immunoregulation and energy metabolism. Metabolites, formed during the life of microbiota, realize their actions through these engagements. Some metabolites arouse negative effects on endothelial vessels, causing and maintaining a systemic inflammatory response, which stands behind major cardiac risk factors. Metabolites and molecules such as lipopolysaccharide or trimethylamine N-oxide initiate endothelial dysfunction, and thus trigger the processes of atherogenesis, insulin resistance and even increase blood pressure by activating inflammasomes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Short-chain fatty acids including the main metabolites such as acetate, propionate and butyrate are antagonists of lipopolysaccharide and trimethylamine N-oxide. These substances are a source of energy for intestinal epithelial cells. They maintain homeostasis, stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory components and activating reparative processes. Another important factor influencing levels on blood pressure and systemic inflammation is intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is determined by the regulatory protein zonulin. Besides, there are proved receptor interactions, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the microbiota that can influence blood pressure and atherogenesis. Each cardiovascular disease is characterized by its own microbiological pattern and the predominance of specific metabolites. The article presents a review, summarizing experimental and clinical data on the role of microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.

No abstract

Aim. To assess the potential role of M. osloensis in genital microbiota of infertile males and females..Materials and methods. Samples from men’s urethra and women’s posterior vaginal fornix in barren couples of the reproductive age were examined. Cultivation was carried out using elective culture media with subsequent identification of strains by biochemical properties. A metagenomic study of 16S ribosomal RNA samples was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the MiSeq Reagent Kits v3 kit (600-Cycle Kit).Results. Metagenomic study of samples from genital tracts of barren married couples, as well as from patients with suspected «acute genital gonococcal infection» demonstrated that all samples (100%) contained fragments of the Moraxella spp. genome, mostly in a huge amount, among which M. osloensis occupied leading positions. In women, the proportion of M. osloensis was twice as large as in men (25.3 ± 9.0 and 11.7 ± 9.3%, respectively). A high frequency of association of M. osloensis with other opportunistic pathogens, G. vaginalis and E. faecalis in particular, was established. It appears that M. osloensis can contribute to development of asymptomatic inflammatory process. Moreover, the constant presence of moraxellas in the microbiota during gonococcal infection may indicate their certain pathogenetic activity, and the synergistic nature of the relationship between M. osloensis and N. gonorrhoeae.Conclusion. We assume that it is M. osloensis that forms the consortia determining pathosymbiocenosis in the reproductive organs. In this context, we propose to consider a decrease in fertility with a steadily established symbiocenosis, including moraxella, as an indicative condition for this pathology, and M. osloensis as its marker.

The article presents a review of bibliographic data on risk factors and mechanisms of the damage to the heart tissues in a new coronavirus infection. The direct viral-associated injury, as well as the influence of the components of the cytokine storm are analyzed. Myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias are considered. In addition, the first results of long-term follow-up observations of patients who underwent COVID-19 were summarized, and the change in arterial stiffness was assessed.