The most effective way to store microorganisms of different taxonomic groups is at low temperatures from minus 12°C to minus 150°C. The present research features the influence of low temperature (minus 12°C and 18°C) on the viability of collection strains of actinomycetes Streptomyces lucensis VKPM Ac-1743 and Streptomyces violaceus VKPM Ac-1734, producers of glycosidase inhibitors. The strains were stored without a cryoprotector in a 15% glycerol solution and 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous liquid. The research objective was to check their ability to keep their inhibitor activity against pancreatic amylase during corn starch hydrolysate fermentation. The experiment made it possible to determine the titer (CFU in 1 cm3 of the initial inoculum) and inhibitory activity against pancreatic α-amylase. It was revealed that Streptomyces lucensis and Streptomyces violaceus strains in cell initial concentrations of 107 and 108 CFU/cm3 maintained high viability level during four months conservation in 15% glycerol solution and 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution at the temperatures of minus 12 °C and minus 18 °C. Most cells survived at the conservation in a 15% glycerol solution at minus 18 °C. The inhibitor activity level in cultural liquid was higher in Streptomyces lucensis and Streptomyces violaceus strains kept in 15% glycerol solution at low the temperatures than in those kept in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The cultures kept in a 15% glycerol solution at minus 18 °C had higher inhibitor activity indicators 2600 ± 200 IU/cm3 . The research proved that low-temperature storage of Streptomyces produces no negative effect on the viability and biosynthetic activity of the cultures.
The article presents a study into the effect of long-term, low-temperature (-80 and-150 °С) storage on the properties of Streptomyces lucensis RNCIM As-1743 and Streptomyces violaceus RNCIM As-1734 actinomycete collection strains acting as producers of glycosidase inhibitors. The titre (CFU in 1 cm 3 of the initial inoculum) and the inhibitory activity of strains were determined with respect to pancr eatic α-amylase in the solutions obtained by Streptomyces culture on a corn starch hydrolysate. For Streptomyces, a high survival rate (91-100 %) was established after storage at temperatures of-80 and-150 °C using a 15 % glycerol solution in terms of a cryoprotector. Streptomyces violaceus strain was identified to be the most resistant to long-term storage at low temperatures. Its inhibitory activity turns to be completely retained after storage at temperatures of-80 and-150 °С. In Streptomyces violaceus strain, the maximum activity level of 2250±200 IU/cm 3 for an inhibitor of pancreatic α-amylase is observed on the 1st day of subculture, while Streptomyces lucensis RNCIM As-1743 demonstrates the highest activity value on the 3rd day to reach a value of 3660±200 IU/cm 3 following storage at a temperature of-80 °С. The studied Streptomyces strains are chromogenic. The most intense chromogenesis is noted during the culture of Streptomyces violaceus strain stored at a temperature of-150 °С. The cryopreservation of Streptomyces violaceus and Streptomyces lucensis actinomycete strains was established to provide high (10 7-10 8) cell survival and preservation of their inhibitory activity at a high level when exposed to temperatures of-80 and-150 °С with a 15 % glycerol solution as a cryoprotector. Experimental data indicate the low-temperature storage method to be promising for Streptomyces lucensis and Streptomyces violaceus collection cultures.
Лимонная кислота играет важную роль в системе биохимических реакций клеточного дыхания, участвует в окислительных процессах в качестве природного антиоксиданта и синергиста антиокислителей, ингибируя, вместе с аскорбиновой кислотой, ферментативное действие оксидоредуктаз в растительных тканях. Лимонная кислота служит эффективным средством контроля заражения дрожжевыми и бактериальными патогенными культурами, что используется, например, при силосовании. По свойствам лимонная кислота составляет эффективную альтернативу антимикробным средствам с иным механизмом действия, в частности кормовым антибиотикам, применение которых в Европе запрещено. При этом продукты превращения лимонной кислоты в организме не оказывают отрицательного влияния. Распространенный продуцент лимонной кислоты-микромицет Aspergillus niger. В производственном цикле необходим контроль подлинности штаммов-продуцентов, однако идентификация по культурально-морфологическим характеристикам не в полной мере обеспечивает определение индивидуального статуса штамма, в связи с чем для аутентификации выделенных элитных линий этого микромицета мы применили генетическую паспортизацию. Следует отметить, что в 2015 году при масштабном изучении генетического разнообразия штаммов Aspergillus flavus было отмечено формирование уникальных AFLP-профилей, однако аспекты практического использования этого феномена не обсуждались (D. Singh с соавт., 2015). Объектом нашего исследования был осмофильный промышленный штамм-продуцент лимонной кислоты Aspergillus niger Л-4, полученный с использованием химических мутагенов и УФ-облучения в сочетании с отбором спонтанных вариантов. Целью работы было проведение геномного AFLP-фингерпринтинга этого штамма с использованием 12 различных комбинаций праймеров и создание уникального генетического паспорта культуры. В результате нами впервые для молекулярно-генетической паспортизации промышленного штамма микромицета A. niger Л-4 был оптимизирован метод AFLP-фингерпринтинга. Получены AFLP-профили для аутентификации осмофильного промышленного штаммапродуцента лимонной кислоты A. niger Л-4. Отобрана оптимальная пара праймеров Mse_cc GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACC и Eco_ас (FAM) GACTGCGTACCAATTAC, которая не зависит от объема вносимой пробы и обеспечивает максимальное количество фрагментов ДНК в диапазоне 33,68-593,78 п.н. (89 фрагментов) при соблюдении описанной методики проведения фингерпринтинга и параметров компьютерной обработки результатов. Полученные профили можно использовать для аутентификации штамма Aspergillus niger Л-4, взятого из разных источников. Ключевые слова: продуцент лимонной кислоты Aspergillus niger, генетическая паспортизация, AFLP-фингерпринтинг.
The aim of the study was to study the phytase synthesis capability of Aspergillus niger L-4 strain. The method for determining phytase activity is based on establishing the content of inorganic phosphates as a result of the action of phytase on the substrate under certain standard conditions by binding them with a vanadium-molybdenum reagent to form a coloured complex. The use of phytases for the hydrolysis of phytates in animal feed is important from the point of view of preserving the environment: when phytate complexes are destroyed, phosphorus is released, which performs an important structural and regulatory function, ensuring the normal development of bone and dental tissues and supporting their safety and integrity. Phosphoric acid is involved in the synthesis of kinases responsible for the normal course of chemical reactions in cells, in fat metabolism, as well as in the synthesis and breakdown of starch and glycogen. This reduces the release of undigested phosphorus into the environment. The object of the study consisted of native solutions obtained by culturing an industrial strain of acid-forming A. niger L-4 on various carbohydrate-containing media. The A. niger L-4 strain, previously selected at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Additives for fermentation of molasses, has the ability to synthesise extracellular phytase. This paper presents the results of studies of phytase activity during the cultivation of A. niger L-4 on carbohydrate-containing media. It was found that in order components of the sucrose-mineral medium provide an elevated level of low-molecular-weight sugars necessary for increasing the productivity of phytase biosynthesis. Phytase activity in the native solution was shown to increase over 72 hours of fermentation to reach a value of 25.8±0.1 units/cm 3 . The phytase activity was 1.5 times higher than the fermentation process of a corn starch hydrolysate with a dextrose equivalent DE = 21±1 %, ensuring the productive biosynthesis of citric acid.
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