Introduction: The focus of the work is the importance of transplantation of human organs and other anatomical materials as the method of treating and a way of saving people’s lives and it also attaches particular importance to solving issues of transplantations in Ukraine. The aim: To find out the problems of human organ transplantation and other anatomical materials and determine the directions of their solutions in Ukraine. Materials and methods: The assessment and analysis of domestic and foreign experience has been developed. In addition, data collected from Ukrainian and international organizations and the results of scientific research by scientists are used in the work. Review and conclusions: Investigating the legislation of Ukraine in the part of transplantation of human organs and other anatomical materials, conclusions were made on the necessity of its improvement, in particular, Article 16 of the Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» dated by May 17, 2018, is proposed to be worded as follows: «Any adult may give written consent or disagreement to become a donor of anatomical materials in case of his death. In the absence of such a statement of disagreement with the transplantation of his organs or other anatomical materials, consent of relatives or others is not required. In this case, the deceased person is deemed to have given consent to the transplantation of his organs or other anatomical materials». It is proposed to make changes and significant additions to Art. 17 of the Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» of May 17, 2018 regarding the creation of the Unified State Register of persons in need of transplantation, as well as to consolidate the procedure for its administration. In the context of urgent transformations, the necessity to significantly increase state funding for the provision of medical services, raise the awareness and informality of citizens about transplantation, as well as to change their misconceptions about this issue are sometimes put forward.