The number phytopathogenic micromycetes is determined in the seeds of such cultivated varieties of cultural plant as soybeans, sunflowers, yellow mustard, buckwheat and thistle, which are grown by organic technology. It is shown that the number of micromycetes in the plant seeds differs significantly and ranges from 0.2 to 1.3 thousand NCO/g seeds. It depends on properties plants variety and hybrid, which are characterized by some certain set of physiological and biochemical characteristics that influences the formation seed mycobiome and it is quantitative composition. In the seeds varieties of these crops we identified such species of the phytopathogenic fungi as Alternaria alternate Fr., Fusarium oxysporum Schleht, Cladosporium herbarum Lket Gray, Botrytiscinerea Pers. Ex Fr., Ascochyta fagopyri Bres., Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire, Aspergillus P. Micheliex Haller, Pénicillium Link. It was found that the species composition of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the seeds of soybean cultivar Kent and thistle Riches is much more diverse than the seeds other crops dominated by fungi A. alternate and F. oxysporum, which are characterized by different frequency of occurrence. These phytopathogenic fungi can cause plant diseases at different stages of ontogenesis, produce mycotoxins and reduce the quality of plant products. In the mycobiome of seeds buckwheat varieties Sophia, Sуn and sunflower hybrids Oscar and Oliver are dominated by fungi of the genus Pénicillium аnd Aspergillus (60–90%). The seeds affected by saprotrophic fungi can be reinfected during storage. This reduces its field and laboratory germination of the seeds. Saprotrophic fungi that dominate the seeds significantly impair its quality during storage and cause dangerous plant diseases in agrophytocenoses during the cultivation of this variety/hybrid. This requires the application of additional preventive protection measures of plants. Mycobioma mustard seeds of а yellow variety Ford represents a small number the phytopathogenic micromycetes. This may indicate its environmental safety in organic production. Thus, the analyzed research results indicate a significant differentiation in varieties species as to composition and number of phytopathogenic species of micromycetes in the seed mycobioma. Therefore, in order to avoid ecologic risks and biological contamination of agrocenoses, it is necessary to test the seeds, as on the density of the mycobiome and on the frequency of phytopathogenic micromycetes damage.

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The creation a new biological preparations on based vegetable oils is a promising direction in improving the efficiency organic production a plant products in Ukraine. Their ecological expediency consists in safety for the person, environment, animals, entomophagous that gives the chance to receive ecologically safe production. It was studied the sensitivity a phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride to essential oils of basil and cinnamon. It is showed that the essential oils of basil and cinnamon are inhibit the growth, the development and sporulation phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride at an environmentally safe level. This indicates their high prospects in the creation the biological products for use in organic production, which will reduce the cost of plant raw materials and improve its quality.

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of exometabolites in plants of different soybean varieties and technologies of their cultivation on the aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of fungi isolates Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. The object of the study were plant exometabolites of soybean varieties: Suzirya of selection of National Research Center of the Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine and Kent of selection of Saatbau Linz in Austria. Since organic production denies the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, an alternative to them is the use of technologies with biological products of different action. Therefore, of these varieties of soybean plants were grown according to the technologies developed in the companies: Filazonit Ukraine LLC, Modern Agricultural Technologies LLC, A-Rice LLC, as well as in the company BTU-Center, PE. Found that exometabolites of studied soybean varieties, grown on listed technologies, lead to increased aggressiveness of isolates of the fungus F. graminearum. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 21.3% to 29.8%, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 21.14% to 25.46%. This indicates their medium aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the fungus population. It is established that the exometabolites of the studied soybean cultivars grown by the listed technologies lead to a decrease in the intensity of sporulation of fungus isolates F. graminearum compared to control. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 5,7·106 cells/ml to 12,11·106 cells/ml, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 4,25·106 cells/ml to 10,2·106 cells/ml. This indicates their average aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the population of the fungus on this basis. Thus, the obtained results of studies point to a significant influence of metabolic products of plants of different varieties of soybean and their cultivation technology on physiological and biochemical properties of pathogenic fungi F. graminearum.