Leptospirosis can be up to 20-40% of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and many others occurring in tropical regions. There is presented the description of the clinical case of leptospirosis in a patient arrived from Vietnam. The severity of the patient's disease is associated with an increase in respiratory symptoms and disease caused by the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome, which can occur not less than in 19.0% of patients, mostly in men and lead to the death in 14.2% of patients. Thus, after arrival from tropical countries patients with fever, signs of organ (respiratory, renal, hepatic, etc.) failure are to be tested for leptospirosis.

Personality traits of patients with pathology of hepatobiliary system (acute and chronic viral hepatitides, liver cirrhosis), their interrelationship with psychoemotional status (the state of personal and situational anxiety), formation of anxiogenic stress and the state of biomembranes have been studied. A conjugacy of a set of personality traits of patients with viral hepatitidis with increasing of personal and situational anxiety and formation of stress-induced disorder of the structural and functional state of biomembranes has been shown, that may be the base of the negative progression of viral hepatitides with forming cirrhosis of the liver. There is made a conclusion about worthwhileness of supplement the standard for diagnosis and treatment of patients suffered from viral hepatitides with psychometric methods, psychocorrective measures and preparations with antioxidant and membrane protection action.