Приведены данные нарушения земель Саратовской области свалками и полигонами твер-дых бытовых отходов. Показаны направления решения проблемы снижения негативного воз-действия ТБО на экологическое состояние территорий, главными из которых являются двух-ступенчатая система сбора и переработки отходов, сжигание ТБО на мусоросжигательных заводах, значительное сокращение свалок при обязательной рекультивации земель под ними и строительство полигонов ТБО. Обосновано, что важным направлением рационального разме-щения, безопасной эксплуатации, снижения риска негативного воздействия свалок и полигонов ТБО на экологическую ситуацию в области является разработка и внедрение ГИС-мониторин-га земель, нарушенных и подлежащих нарушению в результате складирования твердых быто-вых отходов. Разработаны принципы его создания и ведения, в частности иерархичности и со-пряженности, обязательной временной динамики, комплексности и геопространственности.

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of transformation of soilreclamation processes in agricultural landscapes of the Lower Volga region under the influence of changes in the water balance during irrigation and subsequent cessation of irrigation. The increase of the income part of water balance due to irrigation in an adverse combination of poor drainability, weak filtration capacity waterbearing rocks and mineralization of ground waters leads to the development of adverse processes in soils, like a rise of groundwater and salinization. It is proved that the changes in the water supply from automorphic type to hydromorphic type and the changes in the composition of the soil-absorbing ratio significantly transform the main hydrophysical characteristic and moisture conductivity functions of zonal soils, which are required for forecasting water and salt regimes of soils. It is proved that the nature of changes in the salt regime of long-irrigated soils degraded as a result of secondary salinization after being removed from agricultural use is determined by the drainage of territories. It is established that self-reclamation of soils of saline fallow areas occurs if drainage ensures the exclusion of groundwater participation in the water regime of the root layer, which is important to take into account for the involvement of abandoned areas in agriculture.

They are presented data on the development of landslide processes in the Saratov region, the territory of which is one of the most landslide hazardous due to geological, tectonic and hydrogeological conditions, deep rugged terrain, active erosion, climatic features and anthropogenic factors. The directions of solving the problem of reducing the negative impact of landslides on the condition of territories are shown, the main of which are identification and assessment of the threat, stabilization and retention of the landslide massif. The landslide hazard is determined on the basis of geotechnical, geodetic, hydrogeological, hydrological surveys, weather observations, monitoring and modeling of the landslide process. To stabilize the landslide, its body is drained using a surface runoff system and deep drainage. Then the landslide surface is level off or cut into blocks, ground properties are changed. To hold the landslide massif, retaining walls are used. The results of monitoring the development of a landslide in the October gorge of the city of Saratov, which was formed on the left steep side of the gorge between the equipped spring and the 110 kV transmission line, are presented. Its width along the front reaches 200 m, length 150 m, landslide body area 25-30 thousand m2, total weight about 0.5 million tons. The landslide is closely related to the areas of groundwater outlet, including the Oktyabrsky spring. The calculated strength characteristics of soils in the displacement zone were obtained: on contact with calcareous loams, the angle of internal friction is 36°, specific adhesion is 0.05 t/m2; landslide body density 1.62 g/cm3; on contact with clay, respectively, 10°, 2.5 t/m2 and 1.62 g/cm3. Based on them, the stability indices of the landslide slope and landslide pressure for the zone of active landslide deformations are determined. The safety factor for the calculated transections was 0.99-1.0 in the natural state and 1.05-1.43 with design measures; design landslide pressure 45 tf/m. A system of anti-landslide measures is proposed. It includes the installation of retaining structures from bored piles with grillage and retaining wall; slope profiling with the construction of a counter-banquet; the device of the surface drainage system with the discharge of water into the roadside tray; landscaping of slopes by sowing herbs.

В Саратовском Заволжье на орошаемых темно-каштановых почвах испытывали препараты на основе гуминовых кислот (НПО «Сила жизни», г. Саратов). Объектами исследований были лук репчатый сорта Халцедон и препараты, содержащие мезо-(кальций) и микроэлементы (бор, медь, цинк). Выявлено, что опрыскивание раствором Реасила микро гидро микс повысило урожайность лука репчатого на 4,01 т/га (9 % к контролю). Использование раствора Гумата калия-натрия с микроэлементами способствовало росту урожайности на 5,62 т/га (13 % к контролю). Максимальная продуктивность лука репчатого (60,48 т/га в среднем за три года) получена при двукратном применении Реасила форте амино медь на фоне Гумата калия-натрия с микроэлементами. Препараты на основе гуминовых кислот при этом увеличивали выход товарной продукции. Изучаемые препараты положительно влияли на качество урожая: в луковицах повышалось содержание сахаров, витамина С и элементов питания. Вынос элементов питания из почвы урожаем лука репчатого под влиянием препаратов на основе гуминовых кислот увеличился.

The article shows the problems of irrigated agriculture in the Volga region at different stages of its formation, starting from the emergence of widespread irrigation in the region in 1966 and up to the present; the reasons for their occurrence identified by the author, together with his like-minded people and students, and the scientific solutions developed by them. It was established why the initial socio-economic function of land reclamation "Creation of a zone of guaranteed grain production in the Volga region" was not implemented. It has been proven that the solution to this problem could be the cultivation of dwarf non-lodging wheat varieties and the use of growth inhibitors, in particular chlorocholine chloride. To achieve high productivity of an irrigated hectare, given that irrigation changes the conditions for the growth of agricultural crops, the regional characteristics of their consumption of moisture and nutrients were studied, on the basis of which new agricultural technologies were developed and introduced. The most important problems of irrigated agriculture in the region are actively developing degradation processes: groundwater rise, secondary salinization, dehumification, soil compaction and destruction of soil structure. The objective and subjective causes of these processes, the patterns of their development in the irrigated agrolandscapes of the Volga region have been established, effective methods have been developed to prevent development and reduce the severity of degradation. Thus, it has been proven that the reduction of infiltration nutrition from the fields and the normalization of the reclamation situation on them can be achieved by using the developed differentiated irrigation regimes for crops; prevention of soil dehumification and an increase in humus content is possible only on the basis of an organo-mineral fertilizer system using the calculated doses of fertilizers determined by the proposed complex calculation method according to the predicted rotational balance of nutrients. It has been established that green manure is an effective method for preventing dehumification, reducing density and restoring soil structure. The primary reason for the development of undesirable soil-reclamation processes in the irrigated agrolandscapes of the Volga region and their low productivity is the nature of irrigated agriculture systems that is not adaptive to natural conditions. To solve this problem, a toolkit has been created for adapting regional farming systems to the environmental conditions of a particular field, which is a set of modern information technologies, including local integrated GIS monitoring and three information-advising systems for managing the water regime, potential, effective fertility and the physical component of the fertility of irrigated crops. soils. Irrigated agriculture has been and remains a very costly industry. This hinders its development, especially during economic crises. To increase the yield of vegetable crops under these conditions, low-cost technologies have been developed: irrigation regimes and systems of mineral fertilizers with drip irrigation and technologies for the use of chelated fertilizers, including types, doses, timing and methods of application. An important problem is the involvement of areas abandoned due to salinization in agriculture. To solve it, for the first time, based on the study of soil-reclamation processes occurring in waste lands, it was established under what conditions their self-reclamation is possible and a method was developed for determining the degree of salinity based on the results of geobotanical monitoring.