The aim: The prevalence analysis of three ways of tobacco use among young adults: traditional (smoking of cigarillos or cigars) and alternative (hookah smoking and use of E-cigarettes) as well as the development of ways of tobacco smoking prevention. Materials and methods: Cross-section anonymous survey among young adults 18-44 years of age (n=410) has been conducted. The obtained results were compared with the data of the similar studies from different countries. The statistical methods (analysis of the mean and relative values), structural and logical analysis and systemic approach. Results: Among those who were interviewed, aged 18-44 years, there are 24.15±2.11 % of respondents – hookah smokers, 9.02±1.42 % persons prefer the traditional method of tobacco use (smoking of cigarillos or cigars), while 6.34±1.20 % ones use E-cigarettes. Such forms of smoking are more common among males. The smokers of cigarillos, cigars and hookahs have appreciated their high availability when buying – 9 (7;10) points out of 10 possible. The study has found that 11.54±1.58 % of smokers of E-cigarettes and 8.08±1.35 % of hookah smokers consider them safe types of smoking and harmless to their health. Conclusions: The prevention methods of smoking prevalence among young people must be based on the tougher rules of tobacco market and latest devices for smoking at the legislative level.

No abstract

The aim of the study is to identify the expectations of physicians (provisors)-interns for postgraduate education and assess their satisfaction with the course of primary specialization (internship). The sociological crossectional study was performed in 2021 by surveying interns of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University majoring in the following medical specialties: “Medicine” and “Pediatrics”, “Dentistry”, “Pharmacy”. The survey took place in two groups: applicants at the beginning of the internship (n=655) and after completion of the internship (n=623). Statistical methods (which are represented with confidence intervals calculated by the Fisher’s angular transformation method), structural-logical analysis and a systematic approach were used. The study revealed that the most effective form of training in the full-time internship cycle are practical classes and conferences for physicians(provisors)-interns; the least effective form is independent work. The main factors that prevented the interns from mastering the professional knowledge, skills and abilities of the internship cycle are limited opportunities for independent supervision of patients, material and technical equipment of the clinical base of the department and the interns’ own inertia. Certain shortcomings in the organization of the practical part of the internship on the basis of the hospital / pharmacy were established, namely: lack of supervision of patients, lack of practical activities, unsatisfactory material and technical equipment and disinterest of the staff in the training of interns. According to interns, the ideal model of internship should be available, that would provide the optimal amount of theoretical knowledge and relevant practical skills and would be as relevant to the future work of the physician as possible. Applicants emphasize the qualitative component of obtaining postgraduate medical education: the use of new treatment protocols, training in hospital of the third level of medical care, the possibility of doing internships abroad. Such sociological surveys among physians (provisors)-interns on their satisfaction and compliance with expectations are an important component of the development of an optimized Model of postgraduate education of doctors / provisors in Ukraine, which will improve the quality of primary specialization (internship), the ultimate goal of which is health preservation and improvement of the life expectancy of Ukrainian citizens.

Мета: проаналізувати можливості організації навчання фахівців первинної медичної допомоги Волинської області з питань профілактики неінфекційних захворювань та інтегрованого ведення пацієнтів із гіпертензією та цукровим діабетом. Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано комплекс специфічних методів досліджень соціальної медицини, а також наукової педагогіки:  системного підходу та системного аналізу, медико-статистичний, моделювання, організаційного експерименту, контент-аналізу, інструментальний, емпіричний, навчально-дидактичний та наукового пізнання. Результати. Дводенний навчальний курс «Інтегроване ведення випадків гіпертензії та діабету» розроблено національною групою експертів за технічної підтримки ВООЗ і запропоновано для подальшої імплементації в Україні. Цей курс є оптимальним для підготовки фахівців первинної медичної допомоги. Методики тренінгу включають інтерактивні лекції, практичні заняття, розгляд клінічних випадків та відпрацювання практичних навичок. Обов’язковим є оцінювання занять, тренерів, тренінгу в цілому. До навчально-методичних матеріалів входять мультимедійні презентації лекцій, роздаткові матеріали для кожного учасника тренінгу. Водночас заплановано запровадити розроблені дистанційні курси з питань неінфекційних захворювань, за успішне проходження яких сімейні лікарі зможуть отримувати бали безперервного професійного розвитку. Висновки. Для забезпечення існування висококваліфікованої та якісної медичної допомоги необхідна наявність достатньої кількості професіоналів, навчених її надавати. Ключову роль у системі профілактики неінфекційних захворювань (зокрема гіпертензії та цукрового діабету) відіграють працівники, які працюють на первинній ланці медичної допомоги. Якщо вони пройдуть якісну підготовку з вищезазначених питань, існує реальна можливість того, що це матиме позитивний вплив на результати їхньої роботи з профілактики неінфекційних захворювань у пацієнтів.

Aim. to forecast the economic effect of potentialities of the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies that deals with training of interns and tuition relating to advanced and re-training (refresher) courses for specialists. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of actual indices of the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University during 2014-2018 years. The statistical methods, structural-and-logical analysis and systemic approach were used. Results and Discussion. The number of individuals who underwent (on contract terms) the primary specialization at the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies with regard to 29 specialties was established. The financial income, 13 million 668 thousand and 74 hryvnyas, to the special fund for the first year of interns' education was forecast. The feasibility of this forecast may become valid if the maximum possible number of applicants to the internship will be enrolled (on contract terms) regarding the specialties of eligible type. As it is forecast, the largest amount of fees for the first year of studies (29,54%), will be provided by the interns-dentists, while the smallest share in the structure of income (20,01%) will be paid by the interns who are specialized in different surgical profiles. The education at the Advanced Courses and the re-training of the maximum possible number of students of the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies, on contract terms, will provide the maximum possible income, which is 10 million 826 thousand and 33 hryvnyas; 28,67% out of them are fees for the education from the students of surgery type; 42,01% are fees from the students of therapy type, and 29,32% are fees from the students of medico-prophylactic type, organization and management of Health Care and dispensing chemists. Conclusions. The computation of the maximal loading (amount of work) at the Departments dealing with the interns' training and advanced courses for doctors and dispensing chemists is of significant practical importance for the evaluation of the potentialities of the Departments subordinated to the Faculty of Advanced (postgraduate) studies as to conducting the primary specialization, advanced courses, and re-training of specialists. This is imposed in the finances as well, primarily in the money receipts from interns' training and advanced courses and re-training of specialists on contract terms (at the expense of natural and juridical persons)