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The results of a five-year study of the mineral fertilizers' effect on the chemical composition of Venyaminovskoe apple cultivar fruits are presented. It is shown that the use of soil and foliar application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the content of soluble solids, sugars, titrated acids, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds in fruits. It was established that the most significant factor affecting the chemical composition of fruits are the weather conditions of the growing season. At the same time, the content of ascorbic acid significantly exceeding the control over an average of five experimental years was found in the option with the introduction of nitrogen and potash fertilizers into the soil at a dose of N60K80 together with foliar top dressing. There is a tendency of increasing accumulation of leucoanthocyanins in fruits over the years. In 2021, there was a significant decrease in catechins with the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60K80, as well as in the following options: without soil and minimal (N30K40) fertilization against the background of top dressing.

The taste characteristics of berries of 26 cultivars, elite and selected forms of blackberries grown in Central Russia are presented: dry matter, monosaccharides, sucrose acid the total amount of sugars. The sugar-acid index has been calculated. The best genotypes have been identified according to the content of dry matter and sugars - Brzezina and Agawam cultivars, elite seedlings LN-4, LN-13, LN-14 and selected seedlings LN-5, LN-7, LN-8, according to the content of organic (titrated) acids and sugar-acid index - Brzezina, Black Satin, Loch Tau, seedlings of Black Satin, Cheyenne, Loch Ness - LN-6, LN-10, EV LN-13 and control cultivar Agawam. A high traits’ conjugation was established: the sugar-acid index and the content of monosaccharides, the total amount of sugars, soluble solids, as well as a high inverse dependency between the content of organic acids and the sugar-acid index. Low unreliable correlation coefficients (r = - 0.28 … + 0.13) were obtained, indicating the absence of links between the fruit weight and the content of biochemical components responsible for the taste characteristics of genotypes, which is a positive fact when creating new cultivars with high taste and a significant weight of fruits, indicating their independent inheritance.

One of the tasks of the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding is the biochemical evaluation of fruits of the existing gene pool of fruit and berry crops to identify the best genotypes. This takes into account the current orientation of the consumer market to the production of new-generation products, in particular fruits and berries, with high consumer properties that cause improvement in the quality of human life and reduce the development of a number of diseases, by increasing their nutritional value, including through selection. As a result of studying the biochemical composition of apple, cherry, red currant and black currant fruits, the best cultivars of VNIISPK selection were selected for the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. The maximum sugar content of fruit is set in the apple – 13,27% (‘Blagodat’), in cherries – 13,53% (‘Pamyati Mashkina’), in red currants – 9,30% (‘Selianochka’), in black currants – 12,30% (‘Nadiozha’), 11,02% (‘’Desertnnaya Ogoltsovoy’); maximal content of ascorbic acid– in apples – 21,4 mg/100 g (‘Vita’), in cherries – 15,5 mg/100 g (‘Tikhonovskaya’), in red currants – 96,6 mg/100 g (‘Ustina’), in black currants – 246,8 (‘Nadina;), 233,8 mg/100 g (‘Deserrtnaya Ogoltsovoy’); maximal content of P-active substances– in apples – 624 mg/100 g (‘Utrennyay Zvezda’), 514 mg/100 gг (‘Orlovsky Pioner’), in cherries – 1170 mg/100 gг (‘Shokoladnitsa’), in red currants – 664 mg/100 g (‘Podarok Pobediteliam’), in black currants – 927 (‘Yershistaya’).

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