The article deals with the problem of modernization of modern engineering educational system in Russia with regards to the transition to digital economy. Nowadays science and innovative technology play a principal role in the social and economic development of the society. The article explains new requirements to the education of future highly qualified engineers in compliance with the requirements of the civil society and the needs of national economy. The transition to digital economy implies a completely new way for economic growth, a transition to a new techno-economic paradigm, aimed at the modernization and diversification of the economy with further development of processing and high-tech industries.Given circumstances require the institutions to introduce new methodological approaches and innovations which would reflect the modern pillars behind the creation of knowledge-intensive educational programmes for engineering. One of the key focus points is the variability of modern education that allows for its adaptation to completely new circumstances -namely, changed academic and economic autonomy of regional educational institutions. The article considers the question of providing highly qualified specialists in the sphere of knowledge-intensive tech and industry from Kurgan State University (KSU), which has been preparing specialists for the social and economic complex of the region for years. As part of the implementation of "Digital economy in Russia programme", the article overlooks priority development trajectories in KSU for the coming years in the sphere of automatization of technological processes and industries, as well as the development of IT that shall foster growth in number of available communication mechanisms for educational institutions, businesses and local government. Developing higher education cannot be imagined without joint scientifically oriented clusters with participation of regional business that shall stimulate R&D and, consequently, foment the formation of professional competences of future graduates.

Background: Nonculturable cells are formed under stress. These viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells retain the ability to revert to active growth and division when conditions become favorable, or after treatment with resuscitating factors. Information about the possible presence of VBNC in bacterial lyophilized probiotic preparations, foodstuffs, live vaccines, etc., indicates that human as well as animal intestines are a significant area for research.Methods: Samples were stored for different periods of time (up to 30 years) according to the manufacturers' manuals. Total counts were conducted using the Goryaev-Thoma counting chamber and actual viability was assessed by luminescence microscopy after staining with Live/Dead® (Baclight™). CFU/ml counts were made using solid or semisolid media. Viable cells that lacked the ability to form colonies were considered VBNC. Results:We studied 11 batches of commercial probiotics (Russia) from different sources, containing lyophilized E. coli, lactobacilli, or bifidobacteria, in ampoules or vials. In E. coli preparations, depending on storage periods, the amounts of VBNC varied from 4.1% (3 years) to 99.7% (30 years) and showed different total viability (52.2 -91.3%), as well as the percentage of VBNC cells. A different sample that had been expired for 11 years was 79.5% NC. It is also noteworthy that the 5-dose vials, 4 years past expiration, from yet another source, showed a higher amount of VBNC cells (85.5%). Two different batches that had been expired for three years contained 4.1 and 21.3% VBNC cells. 4 of the 5-dose vials of lyophilized lactobacilli were not expired and contained 58.8 -80.4% VBNC cells. Total viability varied from 92.9 to 100%, and there was an unmistakable positive correlation between total viability and culturability. The last batch, which had expired 6 years earlier, has 23.7% viable cells and about 98% VBNC. Nonexpired bifidobacterial samples contained 70.7 and 95.5% of viable cells and were 50 and 100% culturable. Conclusion:We demonstrated the presence of VBNC cells in lyophilized probiotic preparations

The article is dedicated to the development of approaches to the economic and legal regulation of tourist enterprises as a direction of social policy. It has been found that social tourism is able to significantly increase the volume of domestic tourism in the coming years and make a significant contribution to the development of the tourism sector of the economy and to the implementation of the country's socioeconomic development strategy. It has been revealed that the state significantly influences the development of tourist enterprises through the statutory regulation of the corresponding activity by defining the foundations of economic, customs, and tax policy, and sociocultural priorities. It has been proved that the mechanisms of legal regulation of tourist enterprises should have a consumer in the center of attention, and the efforts of the state should be focused not only on limiting the monopoly in the supply of tourist services but also on increasing the social responsibility of entrepreneurship.

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The article deals with the economic and legal aspects of regulating the tourism industry. It is established that a strategy of profitable and effective activities should be carried out at the level of the travel agency, while the policy, which would include methods of planning and coordination of the entire travel industry, should be performed at the level of the individual region. It is proved that the regional community should be involved in tourism development. The authors reveal that the specificity of tourist services is related to the features of tourist demand, which is not uniform because of the impalpability and nonpreservation of the tourist product. This makes it difficult for managers of a travel company to convince each consumer about the feasibility of purchasing a travel service. It is determined that despite the tourism industry is regulated legally, however, its constituent sources often come into conflict with each other, creating legal conflicts, whose solution is unfairly ignored by the legislative bodies.