High-throughput sequencing analysis of hypermutating immunoglobulin (IG) repertoires remains a challenging task. Here we present a robust protocol for the full-length profiling of human and mouse IG repertoires. This protocol uses unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) introduced in the course of cDNA synthesis to control bottlenecks and to eliminate PCR and sequencing errors. Using asymmetric 400+100-nt paired-end Illumina sequencing and UMI-based assembly with the new version of the MIGEC software, the protocol allows up to 750-nt lengths to be sequenced in an almost error-free manner. This sequencing approach should also be applicable to various tasks beyond immune repertoire studies. In IG profiling, the achieved length of high-quality sequence covers the variable region of even the longest chains, along with the fragment of a constant region carrying information on the antibody isotype. The whole protocol, including preparation of cells and libraries, sequencing and data analysis, takes 5 to 6 d.

Age-related changes can significantly alter the state of adaptive immune system and often lead to attenuated response to novel pathogens and vaccination. In present study we employed 5′RACE UMI-based full length and nearly error-free immunoglobulin profiling to compare plasma cell antibody repertoires in young (19–26 years) and middle-age (45–58 years) individuals vaccinated with a live yellow fever vaccine, modeling a newly encountered pathogen. Our analysis has revealed age-related differences in the responding antibody repertoire ranging from distinct IGH CDR3 repertoire properties to differences in somatic hypermutation intensity and efficiency and antibody lineage tree structure. Overall, our findings suggest that younger individuals respond with a more diverse antibody repertoire and employ a more efficient somatic hypermutation process than elder individuals in response to a newly encountered pathogen.

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Consistently high level of morbidity in acute respiratory infections (ARI) is currently present among all age groups. Flu is particularly dangerous one among them, and is characterized by severe course, especially in children, high risk of complications during any period of starting from the onset of the disease; this places flu among the most relevant problems of pediatrics. In this paper the results of studying the efficacy and safety of a domestic immune modulatory drug with an interferon-inducing effect are demonstrated in children older than 3 years.

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ, Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница ДЗ, Москва Представлены данные о частоте распространения антибиотикоассоциированной диареи (ААД) у детей. Показана различная частота встречаемости ААД при ОРЗ и других заболеваниях у детей разных возрастных групп, наиболее высокая у детей в возрасте до 3-х лет. Установлена возможность снижения частоты развития ААД при профилактическом назначении отечественного лактосодержащего пробиотика Аципол на фоне антибиотикотерапии. Профилактическое назначение Аципола позволяет снизить частоту развития ААД у этих больных на 21%, а также уменьшить длительность и выраженность диарейного синдрома. Ключевые слова: антибиотикоассоциированная диарея (ААД), лактосодержащий пробиотик, Аципол, дети