There has been conducted a comparative analysis of productivity and adaptive potential of 12 spring barley varieties. The field trials of the spring barley varieties were laid in 2009–2019 in crop rotations of the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”. The purpose of the study was to conduct research to estimate the role of the variety and variety changing in increasing productivity, to study the dynamics of productivity changes in the breeding process. The trial results identified that the spring barley varieties developed in recent years had an advantage in productivity in comparison with previous ones. The minimum productivity of the new varieties has raised by 22%, which indicates the high efficiency of breeding work on the varieties to improve stress resistance. It was determined that the productivity was on 20–50% higher in the varieties of the new generation. The most productive varieties are ‘Yaromir’ and ‘Znatny’ with 7.1 and 7.48 t/ha, respectively. It has been found that the present varieties in the Ryazan region reveal only 74–78% of their productivity potential, and 85% by the new variety ‘Rafael’. The new varieties have a 10–20% less variation in productivity from year to year, which indicates a high degree of adaptability of the varieties to environmental conditions. There have been presented the promising varieties with high genetic flexibility and stress resistance, a high indicator of productivity stability. It has been established that the varieties ‘Elf’, ‘Nur’, ‘Vladimir’, ‘Yaromir’, ‘Nadezhny’, ‘Znatny’ and ‘Rafael’ have the highest potential of productivity. In terms of stress resistance and stability of productivity, there have been identified the new varieties ‘Znatny’ and ‘Rafael’, developed in recent years.

The results of salinity resistance assessment of 5 spring barley ranges (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grass family (Poaceae) - Yaromir, Nadezhny, Znatny, Zlatoyar, and 9 types of own plant-breeding lines which are supposed to be perspective for the future use are given in this article. NaCl impact in the concentration of 0.7 and 0.9 mPa (0.98 and 1.26% NaCl) on seed germination and morphological indicators such as length and quantity of roots, length of seedlings were studied. The salinity stress resulted in the inhibitions of the roots length and seedlings in the provocative background if to compare with the control group background samples. At the concentration of 0.7 mPa salinity resistance value varied from 62.4 to 96.6% which corresponds to 1-2 salinity resistance groups. At the concentration of 0.9 mPa salinity resistance varied from 27.9 to 80.8% which corresponds to 1-3 salinity resistance groups. The yield capacity and adaptive qualities were examined on the initial data basis. Thus, there was a correlation dependence at both of sodium chloride concentrations revealed between the yield capacity of the field experience samples and the laboratory test samples.

The purpose of the research is to identify the main elements of the crop structure that affect the productivity of spring barley in different weather conditions in the Ryazan region. Field studies were carried out in the nursery of the competitive variety trial in 2017-2021 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. The best zoned double-row varieties of spring barley (Yaromir, Nadezhny, Znatny, Raphael, Lyuboyar) and 4 promising lines were used as the object of research. It has been established that there is a relationship between the elements of the structure of the spring barley yield: the formation of one of the elements can be compensated by a more significant development of the other. In conditions of severe drought (НТС = 0.58-0.70), the greatest positive correlation of yield with the length of the ear (r = +0.437) and the number of grains in the ear (r = +0.279) was revealed. In arid conditions (НТС = 0.75-0.85), the number of plants before harvesting (r = +0.335) and the number of productive stems (r = +0.437) had the greatest impact on the yield. During the moisty year (НТС = 1.36), the productivity of barley was significantly affected by a set of indicators of structural elements: plant height (r = +0.890), grain weight from the ear (r = +0.810), the number of grains in the ear (r = +0.806), ear length (r = +0.774) and the mass of 1000 grains (r = +0.640). When analyzing the elements of the crop structure, a significant dependence (r = +0.674) was established between the length of the ear and the number of grains in it. A negative correlation has been established between the productive bushiness of plants and the mass of 1000 grains, between the number of productive stems and the mass of grain from the ear. It has been found out that the slightly varying traits include the number of grains in the ear (Cv = 4.8%) and the length of the ear (Cv = 9.6%). It has been revealed that the yield of the studied varieties and promising lines has a low variation over the years of Cv = 8.8%, which indicates to the effectiveness of breeding work on developing barley varieties with high and stable yields.

The current study was carried out in 2017–2021 in the Competitive Variety Testing on the basis of the ISPA of the FSBSI “FRAC VIM”. The soil of the experimental plot was dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium fertility. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation periods differed significantly in terms of the mean daily air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures, and the amount of precipitation. The years of 2018 and 2021 were characterized with very dry conditions with HThC of 0.51–0.64. The years of 2017, 2019 were arid with HThC of 0.72–0.85. The years of 2020 was humid, with a moisture coefficient of 1.34. The purpose of the current study was to establish the effect of weather conditions of the Ryazan region on the interstage periods, the yield structure and productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Yaromir’. There has been found a correlation between the length of vegetation period with the amount of precipitation and HThC in the interstage periods of ‘germination-tillering’ (r = +0.571 and r = +0.607, respectively), ‘tillering-coming into ear’ (r = +0.735 and r = +0.655, respectively) and ‘filling-ripening’ (r = +0.881 and r = +0.967, respectively). Strong positive correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and the yield structure elements of the variety, namely ‘number of productive stems per 1 m2 ’ (r = +0.969), ‘productive tilling capacity’ (r = +0.947), ‘plant height’ (r = +0.827). Mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.562) and ‘number of kernels per head’ (r = +0.453). Negative mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘1000-kernel weight’ (r = -0.654). There has been established that the average daily air temperature of the vegetation period had no effect on the formation of the yield structure elements of this variety. There have been identified average correlations between ‘sum of effective temperatures’ and ‘productive tillering’ (r = +0.352) and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.538). Weather conditions did not have a significant effect on grain productivity of the variety. There has been noted a slight effect of precipitation and HThC in the period ‘tillering-coming into ear’. The minimum variation in the productivity over the years (Cv = 3.5%) and revealing 95.1% of productivity potential indicates that this variety is characterized by stable productivity and adaptability to the weather conditions of this region.

A number of objective reasons for the modern agrarian complex show that it is necessary to orient the most part of the agricultural establishments to a wider introduction of environmentally adaptable varieties. Due to the relevance of this problem, the article analyzes the study results of the competitive variety trials (2016–2018) of 6 varieties, 2 of which are on the SVT, and 11 breeding lines of winter wheat of local selection according to the parameters of ecological adaptability in the agricultural zone of the Ryazan region. There were studied such indicators as stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, coefficient of variation, coefficient of adaptability, yield range, index of stability and indicator of PUSS. As a result of research, it was found that the yield of the standard variety “Angelina” was 7.59 t/ha. The varieties “Glafira”, “Okskaya Krasa” (8.25 and 8.31 t/ha, respectively) produced larger average productivity than the standard variety. The breeding lines “L 45/18”, “L 48/18”, “L 49/18”, “L 65/18”, “L 64/18”, “L 46/18”, “L 63/18” had an average productivity of 7.72 to 8.16 t/ha. It was established that the studied winter wheat varieties and lines had different stress resistance (–0.9...–3.1), a large variation in genetic flexibility (6.9–8.34), different stability index (3.4–19.0) and PUSS (39.6%–223.6%). It was found that only 10 (58.8%) varieties and lines out of 17 studied ones had an average adaptability factor higher than 1. The study has identified that the variety “Glafira” and the breeding lines “L 43/18”, “L 44/18”, “L 45/18” are the most adaptable and stable ones in the conditions of the Ryazan region.