Characteristics of the atomic structure of lead-silicate glasses, among them the concentration of lead structural forms, the statistics of both silicon-oxygen and lead-oxygen structures of medium-range ordering, and the bonding degrees of silicon-oxygen and lead-oxygen structures, have been found using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermodynamic simulation.Key words: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermodynamic analysis, lead-silicate glasses, atomic structure.Introduction. Lead-silicate glasses are widely used in technology for the fabrication of optical media and the preparation of microchannel plate transformers. The properties of the glasses depend on the lead content. The concentration dependences of several properties have peculiarities in the range of ~50 mol% lead oxide [1][2][3][4][5]. This suggests that the glass structures and the nature of the interatomic bonds are different on different sides of this concentration [6]. The atomic structure of the glasses is characterized by the following parameters (in order of increasing importance) [7]: coordination number of the network former that determines the smallest structural unit of the glass (nearrange ordering), the composition of the structural units of medium-range ordering (a certain combination of near-range orderings), the bonding degree of the structure, and the morphology (phase separation). Although lead-silicate glasses have been investigated for almost a hundred years, their structural model until now has been qualitative in nature. The reason for this is the lack of quantitative information about the characteristics of the glass-forming structure.The PbO-SiO 2 system is known to exist in the glassy state in the concentration range 30.0-66.7 mol% PbO. Phase separation is not observed. The basic Si-O structural units of lead-silicate glasses (like other silicate glasses) are [SiO 4 ] 4-tetrahedra [6]. These are bonded into medium-range ordering structural units of rings and chains of various

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