Purpose: to find out the features of hip girth (distal) of both limbs of young boys and young girls of Bukovynian higher educational institutions, depending on the sport type. Materials and methods: 115 students of Bukovynian higher education institutions aged from 16 to 21 years old participated in the study, 78 (67.82%) of them were young boys and 37 (32.18%) were young girls. The main group was 75 (65.22 %) students of the I-II courses of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health (the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University), the control group - 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of the Bukovynian State Medical University, who underwent an anthropometric study, according to the method of V.V. Bunaka in the modification of P.P. Shaparenko (determination of body weight and hip girth distally). Results: a comparison of the length of the distal right and left hip girth of young boys and young girls of both groups shows that the length of the right hip girth of young boys and young girls is bigger than the left: the main group (right in young boys - 48.50±2.0 cm, left - 42.25 ±2.0 cm; right in young girls – 48.59±2.0 cm; left – 41.74±2.0 cm), control group (right in young boys – 49.19±2.0 cm, left – 44 ,42±2.0 cm; young girls' right - 46.57±2.0 cm; left - 41.52±2.0 cm). The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth distally on the right and left. Conclusions: the model for predicting the circumference of the distal right thigh has the equation: y = β1+β2 +0.318*x, where y is the distal right thigh circumference, x is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 25.95 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.994. On the left, it has the equation: y = β1+β2 +0.292*x, where y is the hip girth on the distal left, x is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for women and β2 = 21.901 for men. The coefficient of determination is 0.991.
Formation of the structure and topography of the coronary arteries during the fetal and early neonatal periods of human ontogenesis is an essential constituent while making perinatal diagnosis and understanding real parameters of the norm and pathology. Objective of the study is to determine organometric parameters of the carotid arteries during the fetal and early neonatal periods of human ontogenesis. The study was conducted on 50 specimens of dead fetuses (from 4 to 10 months) and 9 neonates (5 isolated complexes of organs in particular) by means of adequate anatomical methods: macrodissection, injection of the blood vessels, making topographic-anatomical sections, morphometry, and statistical analysis. During perinatal period external diameters and lengths of the carotid arteries are found to be characterized by two periods of an accelerated development and the period of relatively slow development. For the external diameter of the right common carotid artery and the external diameter of the left internal carotid artery the periods from the 4th to 7th months of the intrauterine development and the period from the 9th month to the neonatal period are the periods of an accelerated development; the periods from the 7th to 9th months of development are the period of relatively slow development. The periods from the 4th to the 7th months of the intrauterine development and the period from the 10th month till neonatal period are the periods of an accelerated development for the external diameter of the left common carotid artery and external diameter of the right internal carotid artery; the period from the 7th to the 10th months of development is the period of relatively slow development. The periods from the 4th to the 7th months of the intrauterine development and from the 8th month of development till the neonatal period are the periods of an accelerated development for the external diameter of the right and left external carotid arteries; the period during 7-8th months is the period of relatively slow development. The length of the cervical part of the right and left carotid arteries is characterized by the two periods of an accelerated development – from the 4th to the 6th month and from the 7th month till the neonatal period; the period of relatively slow development is from the 6th to the 7th month of the intrauterine development. Comparison of the developmental periods of the carotid arteries with all the possible organometric parameters enables to affirm that practically similar enlargement of the external diameters of the common, external and internal carotid arteries both from the right and left sides is peculiar for the period of relatively slow development. The first period of an accelerated development of the carotid arteries is more specific for the external diameter and length of the left common and left external artery contrary to the second accelerated period of development of the carotid arteries. It is characterized by enlargement of the external diameters of the right common and right external carotid artery. A reliable difference of the mean values of the external diameters of the right and left common, external and internal carotid arteries is peculiar for the 4th, 7th, 10th months of development and for the neonatal period for the common carotid arteries; for the external carotid arteries – the 4th, 7th, 9th months of development and neonatal period; for the internal carotid arteries – for the whole months of development.
ФЕТАЛЬНА АНАТОМІЯ КОМІРКОВОГО ВІДРОСТКА ВЕРХНЬОЇ ЩЕЛЕПИ Резюме. В статті наведено дані щодо фетальної анатомії коміркового відростка, визначеної методами морфометрії, рентгенографічного дослідження, комп'ютерної томографії, макроскопічного дослідження, термохімічної та механічної обробки кісток черепа, статистичної обробки отриманих даних. Дослідження коміркового відростка верхньої щелепи проведено на 53 трупах 4-10-місячних плодів та 11 новонароджених. Встановлено, що з 6-го місяця внутрішньоутробного розвитку всі структури верхньої щелепи рентгенконтрасні. На рентгенівських знімках чітко виявляються обриси верхньої щелепи, її лобовий, виличний і комірковий відростки. У 8-10-місячних плодів і новонароджених добре диференціюються комірки зачатків молочних зубів та міжкоміркові перегородки. Висота коміркового відростка обох верхніх щелеп (на різних ділянках) у перинатальному періоді суттєво збільшується на 6-му, 8-10 місяцях та у новонароджених, а найменше -на 4-5-му та 7-му місяцях внутрішньоутробного розвитку. Довжина коміркового відростка правої та лівої верхньої щелепи у плодів і новонародженихсуттєво збільшується впродовж 7-10 місяців та у новонароджених, а найменше -впродовж 4-6 місяців внутрішньоутробного розвитку. Ключові слова: верхня щелепа, комірковий відросток, фетальна анатомія, людина.
Using modern anatomical methods, 57 preparations of human fetuses 4-10 months and 7 newborns were studied in order to create models of distances of supra-, suborbital and chin openings between themselves and to standard landmarks in fetuses and newborns taking into account their morphometric parameters. The model of the distance from the supraorbital foramen to bregma (Y1): Y1 = β0 + 0.092 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 2,783, if the age period = 4 months; 3,106 = 5 months; -0.662 = 6 months; 4,728 = 7 months; 2,676 = 8 months; 0.402 = 9 months; -1,727 = 10 months; 9,094 = newborns; model of the distance between the supra- and suborbital foramina (Y2): Y2 = β0 + 0.011 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 8,147, if the age period = 4 months; 9.086 = 5 months; 10,260 = 6 months; 12,020 = 7 months; 12,129 = 8 months; 15,164 = 9 months; 17,429 = 10 months; 18,808 = newborns; model of the distance between the orbital and chin openings (Y3): Y3 = β0 + 0.002 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 8.987, if the age period = 4 months; 9,134 = 5 months; 9,892 = 6 months; 12,250 = 7 months; 11,636 = 8 months; 16,755 = 9 months; 17,877 = 10 months; 18,054 = newborns; model of the distance between the chin holes and the lower edge of the mandible (Y4): Y4 = β0 + 0.008 x parietalheel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 0.268, if the age period = 4 months; 0.178 = 5 months; 0.020 = 6 months; -0.152 = 7 months; 0.020 = 8 months; - 0.115 = 9 months; -0.079 = 10 months; -0.039 = newborns; model of the distance between the orbital foramina (Y5): Y5 = β0 + 0.030 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 5,762, if the age period = 4 months; 5,895 = 5 months; 11,227 = 6 months; 13,793 = 7 months; 11,691 = 8 months; 11,173 = 9 months; 12,633 = 10 months; 14,494 = newborns; model of the distance between the orbital foramina (Y6): Y6 = β0 + 0.008 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 9,272, if the age period = 4 months; 11,081 = 5 months; 13,467 = 6 months; 16,854 = 7 months; 15,912 = 8 months; 17,653 = 9 months; 22,635 = 10 months; 23,447 = newborns; model of the distance between the chin holes (Y7): Y7 = β0 - 0.014 x parietal-heel length of the fetus, where β0 :: 12,959, if the age period = 4 months; 15,282 = 5 months; 18,117 = 6 months; 23,178 = 7 months; 23,175 = 8 months; 30,496 = 9 months; 32,227 = 10 months; 33,272 = newborns.
ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНА АНАТОМІЯ ЛОЗОПОДІБНОГО СПЛЕТЕННЯ ТА ЯЄЧКОВИХ ВЕН Резюме. Тлумачення результатів дослідження і обсяг оперативних втручань з приводу варикоцеле пов'язане з детальним і грунтовним вивченням анатомії вен сім'яного канатика. Водночас аналіз наукових джерел засвідчує, що відомості про анатомію венозних лозоподібних сплетень та яєчкових вен уривчасті, одиничні та несистематизовані. Дослідження проведено на 70 трупах плодів та 15 трупах новонароджених людини чоловічої статі. Встановлена асиметрія величини діаметра та форми просвіту вен сплетення сім'явиносної протоки, справа ці параметри мінливіші, ніж зліва. На рівні голівки правого над'яєчка помітні розширені круглясті просвіти судин венозних сплетень, а відстань між сім'явиносною протокою та її артерією значно більша, ніж зліва. За межами над'яєчка венозні сплетення прямують уздовж сім'явиносної протоки та її артерії, анастомозуючи між собою, що є підставою стверджувати про існування спільного венозного сплетення навколо цих структур. Ключові слова: лозоподібне сплетення, яєчкові вени, плід, анатомія, людина.
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