The article presents the results of the study of the influence of nanoacquahelats of biogenic and biocidal metals Selenium and Zinc together with vitamin E, on the mineral metabolism indexes of hens of Loman Brown breed. It is known that the inflow of mineral elements such as Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus into the body and its proper usage is essential for the maintenance of egg productivity and egg quality. In this regard, it is promising to study the changes of the above-mentioned processes with the Selenium, Zinc and vitamin E nanoacqualates supplementation. It has been established that the feeding of Selenium and Zinc nanocarboxylic acids with vitamin E positively affects the exchange of Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus in the laying hens. In particular, the content of calcium in the serum of tested hens was significantly higher (17.3-26.7%), on the 60th and 90th days of the experiment, comparing with the control group. The level of inorganic phosphorus, on the 60th and 90th days of the experiment, also increased by 17.7% and 16.9%, respectively, in experimental group of layer hens compared to control one. It is known that macroelements Ca and inorganic Phosphorus are important components for the organism of animals and, especially, birds. These minerals have no nutritional value, are not used by the body as a source of energy, but their role as structural elements cannot be overestimated. Both Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus are part of almost all organs and tissues. The growth and development of the organism, as well as its productivity depends on the presence of these elements in the diet. In addition, Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus are actively involved in the regulation of a number of vital functions. In the birds, it is the synthesis of proteins and the intense formation of egg minerals. They are also necessary for the further formation of bone tissue of the embryo. Consequently, the presence of these minerals in the diet and in the body of layers hens, to a large extent determine their weight and quality of eggs. The obtained results show the use of nanoacquahelats of Selenium and Zinc together with vitamin E stimulate phosphorus-calcium metabolism and alkaline phosphatase activity due to their biophysical properties which are based on activation of many biochemical processes according to the effect of Borisevich-Kaplunenko-Kosinov. Key words: Calcium, Phosphorus, laying hens, Selenium, Zinc, vitamin E.

The article presents data from the scientific literature describing the influence of stress factors on pigs in modern production conditions. It was established that stress factors that affect sows during gestation period affect fetal development and are important determinants of behavioral disorders in piglets in the future. Conditions for keeping and feeding pregnant sows play an important role in ensuring the behavior of future offspring. Stress of sows in the late stages of gestation can cause a negative longterm effect on the functioning of the immune system of piglets. This reduces the ability of piglets to be effectively protected against infections during lactation and weaning periods. Changes in the endocrine and neurotransmitter systems depend on the gestational period, with late pregnancy being the most sensitive phase in pigs. Ensuring optimal housing conditions for sows and newborn piglets is an important condition for the proper development of protective, feeding and behavioral reflexes and, accordingly, the realization of their productive qualities. Stress factors also affect pigs in the postnatal period of their development. The main stress-inducing factors are the conditions of feeding, maintenance and technological methods associated with ensuring veterinary wellbeing. Early social isolation during the early postnatal life of animals causes persistent changes in their behavioral responses and physiological mechanisms of adaptation. Raising pigs in a depleted environment may indicate the presence of chronic stress and, accordingly, a decrease in the level of welfare, protective and productive qualities in animals. The methods that can reduce stress and improve animal welfare is environmental enrichment and adaptation of the housing environment according to the behavioral needs of animals. Ecological enrichment can be used to preserve or restore physiological homeostasis and behavioral disorders in the post-stress period. Key words: stress, pigs, adaptation, behavior, immune system, productivity.

In recent decades, the intensity of the use of pigs has increased significantly. In such conditions, the body of animals is used almost to the limit of its capabilities. In this regard, the administration of many physiological functions is disrupted, the morbidity and decrease in the performance of pigs significantly increase. The increase in the level of drug use does not solve these issues. For example, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics can lead to even more significant problems - the development of antibiotic resistance. Despite this, in modern pig breeding, considerable attention is paid to the development and implementation of methods for the prevention of diseases in pigs. An important component of such activities is to ensure optimal conditions for the comfort and well-being of animals. This, in turn, implies a reduction in the negative impact of stress factors in raising and fattening pigs. The aim of our research was to get acquainted with modern literature data on the features of the influence of stressors on productivity and physiological functions of pigs. During the writing of this review article, we reviewed data from current research on the effects of stressors on the productivity and physiological functions of pigs in rearing and fattening. For this purpose, the funds of the scientific library of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, scientific research systems Science-Direct and PubMed were used. An important task of veterinary service of modern pig breeding complexes is to ensure optimal parameters of the microclimate, feeding quality feed, reducing the negative impact of stress factors. Ensuring proper housing conditions contributes to the improvement of qualitative and quantitative indicators of pig productivity (at slaughter, during slaughter, etc.). In this regard, we believe that a promising area of research is to study the effects of certain stressors and their combinations on the body of pigs and find methods to correct them.

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The results of the studies on the infl uence of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex on the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in quail’s are presented in the article. It was found that the level of immunoglobulins is the main indicator of the state of humoral immunity. According to the results of the studies the content of immunoglobulins A, M, G in the quail’s serum was 0.80 ± 0.03 mg/ml, 0.30 ± 0.01 mg/ml, and 5.82 ± 0 , 06 mg/ml, accordingly. That are 31.1%, 20.0% and 6.0%, respectively, comparing with data of the control group. Inthe serum of fi ve days old quail’s Ig A content was 0.84 ± 0.02 mg/ml, Ig M 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml and Ig G 6.87 ± 0.04 mg/ml, that consisted 29.2%, 42.1% and 5.0%, respectively, comparing with the control group. The content of circulating immune complexes (CEC) in theblood serum of one- and fi ve-days old quails was 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively lower than in the birds of the control group. The content of low molecular weight CECs in the serum of one- and fi ve-days old quail, decreased signifi cantly in both groups(in 2 and 1.1 times, respectively). This probably characterizes the overall effi cacy and balance of the immune system's responses in quails exposed to Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates at used doses of 0.05 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. We consider that as a positive eff ect on the immunity of quails in the early post-embryonic period. Therefore, the use of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex has a complementary eff ect and helps to increase the immunoreactivity of young animals by maintaining the activity of the immune system. Key words: Selenium nanoacquachelate, Germanium nanoacquachelate, quails, immunoglobulins, immunity.