The studies revealed the regularities of obtaining bioactivated sea buckthorn seeds using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions during germination. Sea buckthorn seeds were chosen as the research object. Plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions were used to activate the germination process. This made it possible to solve the problem of processing waste from the production of sea buckthorn oil, and also contributed to obtaining a high-quality component of food products. Experimental studies have proven the effectiveness of using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions as effective intensifiers and disinfectants for the process of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds. It is shown that their use intensifies the germination of sea buckthorn seeds, contributes to a more active accumulation of biologically valuable components in the seeds. Plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions with a peroxide concentration of 300–700 mg/l were used. An increase in the geometric parameters of seeds, namely length by 8.5–14.9 % and width by 3.7–14.8 %, was recorded. The germination energy increased by 5–13 % and germination capacity by 5–14 %. The composition of sea buckthorn seeds, both derived raw material and bioactivated, was investigated. Studies have shown that bioactivated seeds contain an increased amount of highly valuable substances. The protein content increased by 4 % compared to sea buckthorn seeds and by 1.7 % compared to the control. The lipid content increased by 2 and 1.1 %. An increase in the content of vitamins was noted: B1, B2, C, A, E, R. The amount of amino acids increased by 9–13 % compared to the control, and compared to the original raw material – by 1.5–3.5 times. In addition, plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions effectively disinfected the raw material. The presented technology can be used in the food processing industry

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the genotyping of cows of Ukrainian dairy breeds for the presented loci capa-casein gene (CSN3), thyroglobulin (TG-5) gene, leptin (LEP), pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and to test their association with milk production. The influence of the genotype on milk yield, fat and protein content in the milk of cows of Ukrainian selection has been established. The highest levels of milk productivity traits were expected from animals with the CT genotype for the LEP gene, AA for the CSN3 gene, CC for the TG5 gene, and AA and BB for the Pit-1 gene. But at the same time, milk obtained from cows with CSN3 BB genotype were characterized by the best cheese suitability. The effect of the homo- or heterozygous state of BLG on the signs of milk production was less noticeable, and the homozygous TT genotype for the TG5 gene was not found in any of the studied breeds. The results obtained can be used in the practical work of breeding farms along with traditional methods of selection, control and preservation of the genetic diversity of specific herds at an optimal level.

This paper reports a procedure devised to forecast the level of chemical pollution of the atmosphere, which includes a mathematical model for the distribution of the concentration of dangerous gas in the atmosphere at its active deposition by dispersed jets of liquid, as well as a technique for its implementation. Based on the differential equations of gas distribution in space, a phased model of the propagation of a cloud of a dangerous chemical substance was built. The model describes stages in the discharge of a dangerous gaseous substance from emergency technological equipment, the deposition of dangerous gas by a finely-dispersed flow, and free propagation of the cloud in the air. The reported mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the size of pollution zones while determining the boundary safety conditions. When forecasting, the main meteorological parameters, the width of the deposition zone, and the chemical properties of both the gas and liquid are taken into consideration. The comparative analysis of the results of forecasting a conditional zone of chemical damage with the free propagation of the cloud, and at the active deposition by precipitation or technical devices, was carried out. The simulation results revealed that with an increase in the wind speed from 1 m/s to 5 m/s, the size of the affected area increases by 2.7 times, while the concentration of dangerous gas in the cloud falls by 2.5‒3 times. An algorithm has been proposed for integrating the devised methodology of forecasting the level of chemical pollution of the atmosphere into a general cycle of emergency management. It should be especially noted that the devised procedure contains the entire range of components that are necessary for its practical application. It includes a description of the procedure and practical recommendations for the use of the proposed technique in the elimination of emergencies, as well as a list of probable events when the use of the developed procedure would be most effective.

Миколаївський національний аграрний університет У роботі висвітлено результати дослідження основних причин вибракування корів та встановлено їх зв'язок з віком. Дослідження тварин різних ліній підтверджують, що зі збільшенням терміну господарського використання подовжується продуктивне життя корів, а також їх довічна молочна продуктивність. Тривалість господарського використання корів має певну залежність від їх продуктивних характеристик, а саме-більш продуктивні тварини швидше виснажують ресурси свого організму і, як наслідок, скоріше піддаються вибракуванню. Натомість, тварини з рівномірним, хоча і відносно низьким проявом молочної продуктивності, протягом життя довше зберігають здатність до продуктивного використання, що є більш економічно вигідним для господарства.

Таврійський науковий вісник № 108 work is to clarify the question: what exactly factors determine the differences in the chemical composition of the milk of Holstein cows of different ecogenotypes. It is important to establish how much it is possible to use the polymorphism of the above genes in the analysis of the animal gene pool, and to predict the qualitative indicators of milk that meets the requirements of the processing industry. Therefore, the article presents the results of studies of the polymorphism of individual QTL genes and the main signs of milk productivity of Holstein cattle of German, Hungarian and Danish origin in Southern Ukraine. The features of the frequency distribution of these loci and the manifestation of signs of milk production of cows are determined under the conditions of modeling the effects of stabilizing selection according to the classical model and forming five equal in number groups. The conducted studies did not establish an unambiguous dependence of economically valuable traits on the genotypes of individuals at the examined loci. However, according to the CNS3 gene, BB genotypes had higher fat, protein milk yield and milk yield, and heterozygotes for LEP were characterized by large yields. Evaluation of the polymorphism of two structural genes-CSN3 and GH in Holstein cows of different ecogenotypes made it possible to assert that the quality of milk obtained from cows of German and Hungarian origin is better, as evidenced by the relatively high frequencies of the CSN3 B allele. Cows of German origin are a unique ecogenotype for combining a relatively high level of milk yield with significant frequencies of the somatotropin allele L, which resulted in an increased amount of milk fat and protein. Holstein cattle of Danish origin is the most consolidated compared with other ecogenotypes, as evidenced by the values of their actual and expected heterozygosity. This statement is also explained by the calculation of the coefficient of inbreeding. A significant genetic heterogeneity of livestock in the milk direction of the productivity of the modal group has been established, which indicates the possibility of obtaining milk of various chemical composition from them.