Introduction. The study of the development of CO2-neutral economy shows that this concept was only examined from a theoretical point of view in the first phases and has become a priority development area of all countries of the world since 2019. Carbon neutrality means not only a massive conversion of traditional energy into renewable (alternative), but also a complete thermal modernization, a change in the production sector towards energy saving and energy efficiency, innovative changes in wastewater treatment systems and recycling, etc. In other words, an important engine for the development of a CO2-neutral economy in the national economic system is a set of mechanisms and instruments to improve energy efficiency through sustainable innovative development. Theoretical base. For a detailed analysis of the conditions for the development of the energy efficiency of the national economy (Charles, 2019), it is necessary to monitor the state of the energy system and the environmental situation in the country (Huang, 2019), since today almost all countries of the world have reconsidered their priority areas in the development of the energy sector and have actively started to implement reforms for modernization and conversion towards energy production (Khan, 2018). The most promising areas were alternative energy sources and the development of a carbon-neutral economy (Jiahai, 2019). Therefore, the countries of the European Union have agreed on an action plan for energy efficiency for the period 2007-2020 (Kraemer, 2020), which is a 20-20-20 plan - reducing CO2 emissions by 20%, improving energy efficiency by 20% and increasing the share of renewable sources in the energy sector by 20% (Lakshman, 2019). In this phase, Russia plans to achieve 11% of renewable energy sources in the structure of final energy consumption and increase energy efficiency by 9%. At the same time, Russia, which has joined the Paris Climate Agreement (Rehbein, 2020), has set itself the goal of reducing CO2 emissions by 40% by 2030 compared to 1990 (Shu, 2019). The aim of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological tools for assessing the level of energy efficiency of the national economy and its main determinants. Results. The forecast results showed that there is a significant discrepancy between the optimistic and realistic scenarios of the dynamics of changes in the economy’s diverging sub-index of energy efficiency. According to the optimistic scenario, the balancing of the convergent and divergent sub-indices will take more than 10 years (in 2020, the value of the convergent sub-index of energy efficiency of the national economy was 0.84 and the projected value of the divergent sub-index in 2030 was 0.71). Conclusions. The growth of the economy’s integral energy efficiency index is possible if a stable balance is achieved between its convergent and divergent determinants. Calculations have confirmed that the implementation of state policies to ensure the energy efficiency of the economy should primarily focus on increasing divergent determinants of the energy efficiency of the economy. To target the diverging sub-index of the national economy’s energy efficiency, the paper performs a scenario forecast of the vector of its change based on the Brown model, which takes into account the retrospective nature of the distribution of its time series and eliminates fluctuations in random variables.

Programme and target planning procedures in Russia have a lot of shortcomings, related to the selection of priority goals, establishment of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of target programmes, as well as achievement of goals, development of a system of performance indicators, and so on. In addition, the problem of the lack of a high-quality theoretical and legislative framework for the transition to budget expenditures planning in accordance with the principles of result-oriented budgeting remains urgent. The purpose of this paper is to develop a functional fuzzy computing algorithm for modelling the evaluation of government programmes using neural networks. As a part of this work, we obtained stable results in the form of creating a neural network that can analyze government projects using a multi-criteria method, taking into account the root-mean-square error, with an accuracy of up to 95%. The analysis criteria cover all effective areas for predicting the correct use of the government projects by implementing them in the government systems.

One of the most important demonstrations of the modern economy is the growing importance of innovation. The innovative process or the process of technological change is a complex concept encompassing the improvement of products, production processes, raw materials as well as management methods. Therefore, the central aim of the research is to analyse the innovative processes that contribute to the development of the state economy. To accomplish the objectives, we carried out the calculations to examine the relations between the cost indicators, modelling, correlation and regression analyses. The particularities of business processes in innovative activities of organisations lead to uneven distribution, specific cost structure in the crisis and the traditional situation of an insignificant share of innovation in the financing process. The study presents a mathematic model of innovation activities of an enterprise, based on economic indicators of current operations. The object of the research is industrial enterprises. Since an important segment of business processes in innovation is small innovative companies, our task is to develop a methodology for forecasting the number that would be suitable for them. From the findings of our research, we concluded that the models that had been previously developed were more effective at the micro-level. Based on the analysis of the distribution of costs between technological, marketing, organisational innovations by types of innovation and economic activities by building an adequate set of statistical models, we have identified the following particularities: the basic internal (directly dependent) and external (indirectly affecting) factors that affect the selected performance characteristics.

В статье рассматривается роль и значение инвестиционной деятельности предприятия в качестве объекта экономического анализа и фактора роста национальных экономических систем. Исследованы теоретические обоснования факторов анализа инвестиционной деятельности предприятий в современных условиях, проанализированы тенденции развития законодательной базы инвестиций и инвестиционной деятельности в Республике Узбекистан. Сформулировано новое научное понятие инвестиционный контроль , которое позволяет совместить целевой характер инвестиционной деятельности предприятия и элементы мониторинга его финансово-хозяйственной деятельности и достижения плановых показателей, а также наличия их отклонения от фактических.The article considers the role and significance of the investment activity of an enterprise as an object of economic analysis and a growth factor for national economic systems. The theoretical justifications of the factors of analysis of investment activity of enterprises in modern conditions are studied, the development trends of the legislative framework of investments and investment activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan are analyzed. A new scientific concept investment control is formulated, which allows you to combine the target nature of the investment activity of the enterprise and the elements of monitoring its financial and economic activities and the achievement of planned indicators, as well as the presence of their deviation from the actual.

No abstract