The article analyzes the biological value of secondary products of tomato processing, namely tomato seeds, which, for the most part, is not considered as an object of processing. The use of secondary raw materials formed in the production of tomato products as a source of biologically active substances with their subsequent use in food technology is proposed. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the biological value of tomato seeds. It has been found that tomato seeds have a high nutritional and biological value due to the high concentration of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Accordingly, this value complies with modern recommendations on healthy diet for the population. Also, tomato seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, macro- and micronutrient elements, vitamin E, and fiber. However, its nutritional value is substantially reduced by natural biologically active anti-alimentary substances, namely proteinase inhibitors. A first experimental is antinutrients tomato seeds. А number of trypsin inhibitors of tomato seeds use micronating processing , a significant reduction has been achieved. The use of hydrothermal and micronization treatment of tomato seeds to reduce the activity of trypsin inhibitors is proposed. Hydrothermal treatment for 40 min at a water temperature of 90..100°C reduced trypsin inhibitory activity by 1..3% from baseline. Thus, when you stand micronating processing maturity during 60s reducing trypsin inhibitors is about 34 % and for biological maturity is 28.8%. It was found that technology tomato seeds processing allows to obtain a biologically valuable product, which is mainly represented by lipid up to 40%, as well as significant content of protein substances, carbohydrates and fibre. The purpose of this paper is the study of chemical composition and biological value of secondary tomato resources, namely tomato seeds, as well as researching the possibility of its application in food technology. It is also concerned with determination of quantitative and qualitative composition of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds and selection of ways to decrease the activity of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds.
Об'єктом дослiдження є вториннi продукти перероблення томатiв, а саме-томатне насiння технiчної та бiологiчної стиглостi. Одним з найбiльш проблемних мiсць томатопереробної галузi є утворення значної частини (до 30 % вiд загальної маси томатiв) вiдходiв, що мiстять велику кiлькiсть бiлкiв, лiпiдiв, вуглеводiв, мiнеральних речовин та бiологiчно активних сполук. Вирiшення проблеми перероблення вторинних томатних ресурсiв стає можливим за умови встановлення їх хiмiчного складу та бiологiчної цiнностi i пiдбору технологiчних параметрiв подальшого перероблення. Пiд час дослiджень проведено аналiз хiмiчного складу томатного насiння та встановлено, що насiння томатiв є прекрасним джерелом таких компонентiв, як каротиноїди, протеїни, цукри, волокна, воски та олiї. При цьому, насiння технiчної стадiї зрiлостi вiдрiзняється вiд бiологiчно зрiлого насiння пiдвищеним вмiстом бiлкiв-на 0,81 %, клiтковини-0,4 % та цукрiв-на 0,21 %. Отриманi результати аналiзу жирокислотного складу томатного насiння технiчної та бiологiчної стиглостi дозволили встановити, що серед жирних кислот в аналiзованих зразках мiстилось 47,72 % полiненасичених для томатного насiння технiчної зрiлостi та 50,96 %-бiологiчної зрiлостi. При цьому вiдсутнi транс-iзомери, а спiввiдношення мiж ненасиченими омега-3 та омега-6 кислотами в насiннi вiдповiдає останнiм рекомендацiям, щодо харчування населення згiдно з принципами нутрiцiологiї. Отриманi результати аналiзу хiмiчного складу вторинної томатної сировини показали, що важливим залишається питання вдосконалення технологiй комплексного перероблення томатiв, що забезпечуватиме високий економiчний та соцiальний ефекти. Завдяки застосуванню в технологiях харчових продуктiв напiвфабрикатiв iз томатного насiння стає можливим отримання харчових продуктiв, що володiють пiдвищеним вмiстом незамiнних амiнокислот, соле-та водорозчинних бiлкiв, вуглеводiв та лiпiдiв, що представленi полiненасиченими жирними кислотами. Ключовi слова: вториннi продукти перероблення томатiв, жирокислотний склад томатного насiння, технологiї комплексного перероблення томатiв.
Considered the technology for the production of edible powders from vegetable raw materials. The technology for producing powders from berries is developed to produce a high-quality product in which all ingredients of raw materials are stored in a concentrated form.The current trend in nutrition is related to the expansion of the range of functional products whose daily use contributes to the prevention of hypovitaminoses and metabolic disorders, and ultimately to the rehabilitation of the population. New, non-traditional sources of local raw materials, including plant based products, need to be explored and exploited in order to address the issue of instantiate new generation of healthy foods, and the development of technologies for obtaining functionalities. The use of fruit crops, the most source of biologically active substances, is very promising in this direction.The Department of Preservation Technology of the National University Food Technology has conducted a study to enable the use of fruit and berries for food powders. To this end, powder has been obtained from the blueberry berries of ordinary, with the establishment of its physico-chemical properties.The patterns of the influence of the blueberry powder on the functional properties of the foodstuffs were investigated in the example of tomato sauces.Analysis of the results of the studies has shown that a blueberry berry powder can be used in the production of canned and other products not only to enrich their functional ingredients but also to provide them with new technological properties. The food powders received do not contain harmful impurities, have high food value, are easily absorbed by the body, compact and long periods of time. Studies have shown that the blueberry powder is a rich source of vitamins (c acid, β-carotene, tocopherol) and can be used successfully in the manufacture of tomato sauces with functional properties.
Розглянуто напрями утилiзацiї вiдходiв гiдробiонтiв — важливого завдання для власникiв пiдприємств, якi займаються промислом риби, ракоподiбних та молюскiв або виготовленням з них продуктiв.
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