IntroductionUrinary bladder diverticula are frequently resulting from obstructions. Our literature review did not reveal any cases of acquired urinary bladder diverticulum caused by long-term transurethral catheterization.Case PresentationWe report a rare case of a nonobstructive big urinary bladder diverticulum developed after a long-term urethral catheterization in a 62-year old male diabetic patient with normal subvesical urinary tract. The diverticulum was demonstrated by ultrasonography. Its formation was associated with the decubital changes of the bladder wall when the Foley catheter stayed for a longer period.ConclusionUltrasonographic examination of the urinary bladder is necessary to exclude such complication after a long-lasting catheterization as well as to maximally restrict the catheter's stay in the urinary bladder.

AbstractTuberculous spondylitis is more common in patients with chronic renal failure who receive hemodialysis because of their abnormal T-cell-mediated immunity. It frequently poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We describe two cases of tuberculous spondylitis in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis therapy. They are IFN-γ assay diagnosed (QuantiFERON-TB Gold) and conservatively treated. Our cases suggest that IFN-γ assays equip clinicians with more accurate tools for tuberculosis control. A combination of T-SPOT.TB testing and MRI assessment may be the accurate method to diagnose tuberculous spondylitis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

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