Exosomes are 30–100 nm, membrane-bound vesicles containing specific cellular proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs that take part in intercellular communication between cells. A possible role for exosomes in thyroid function has not been fully explored. In the present study, FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells were grown to confluence and received medium containing either thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), exogenous bovine thyroglobulin (bTg), or neither additive for 24 or 48 hours followed by collection of spent medium and ultracentrifugation to isolate small vesicles. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting for CD9 indicated the presence of exosomes. Western blotting of exosome extract using a monoclonal anti-Tg antibody revealed a Tg-positive band at ~330 kDa (the expected size of monomeric Tg) with a higher density in TSH-treated cells compared to that in untreated cells. These results are the first to show that normal thyroid cells in culture produce exosomes containing undegraded Tg.

Целью настоящей работы явилась оценка эффективности ремаксола в коррекции функционального состояния печени в раннем послеоперационном периоде после холецистэктомии у больных с повышенным риском поражения печени. Полученные результаты и их анализ свидетельствуют о существенном уменьшении нарушений функционального состояния печени, мембраностабилизирующем эффекте ремаксола на печеночные клетки. Применение ремаксола у больных в послеоперационном периоде позволило уменьшить количество билирубина относительно группы больных, получавших стандартное лечение, через 1 сут после операции на 11,22 % (p < 0,05), на 2 сут — на 12,71 % (p < 0,05), на 3 сут — на 22,14 % (p < 0,05), на 4 сут — на 20,11 % (p < 0,05) и на 5 сут — на 14,15 % (p < 0,05). Также отмечено уменьшение активности сывороточных аминотрансфераз: аланиновой — на 16,17 – 28,21 % (p < 0,05), аспарагиновой — на 7,25 – 12,02 % (p < 0,05). В свою очередь включение в комплексную послеоперационную терапию ремаксола позволило на 5 сут после операции нормализовать процессы перекисного окисления липидов, что не наблюдалось у больных в группе сравнения.

No abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple hippocampal transections (MHT) in the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Six patients underwent MHT at Burdenko Neurosurgery Center in 2018. The age of the patients varied from 18 to 43 years. All patients suffered from refractory epilepsy caused by focal lesions of the mesial temporal complex or temporal pole in dominant side. Postoperative pathology revealed neuronal-glial tumors in two patients, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) of the temporal pole – in two patients, cavernous angioma – in one patient, and encephalocele of the preuncal area – in one patient. Results: All patients underwent surgery satisfactorily. There were no postoperative complications except for homonymous superior quadrantanopia. This kind of visual field loss was noted in four cases out of six. During the follow-up period five patients out of six had Engel Class I outcome (83.3%). In one case, seizures developed after 1 month in a patient with FCD in the uncus (Engel IVA). After surgery, three out of six patients developed significant nominative aphasia. Two patients relative to the preoperative level demonstrated improvement in delayed verbal memory after MHT. Two patients showed a decrease level in delayed verbal memory. In preoperative period, visual memory was below the normal in one patient. Delayed visual memory in two cases impaired compared to the preoperative level. Conclusion: MHT can be considered as an effective method of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy caused by tumors of the medial temporal complex. At the same time, MHT makes it possible to preserve memory in patients with structurally preserved hippocampus. However, MHT do not guarantee the preservation of memory after surgery.

No abstract