Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common diseases. Despite numerous studies, many problems related to this pathology remain to be elucidated. The modern classifications of AHare contradictory and true causes of elevated blood pressure (BP) are unknown. There are no methods for diagnostics of early stages of AH nor is there adequateunderstanding of what hypertensive crises are, how they are to be classified and why they develop. Pathomorphosis of AH is practically unexplored. There are no efficient medications and therapies for the radical treatment of AH. The authors propose classification of hypertensive crisis, hypertensive disease, and symptomatic AH. It is recommended to use 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in all AH patients. New approaches to diagnostics of early stages of AH are proposed.

The article presents historical data about the events of the beginning of the Civil War in Russia and military doctors of the Voluntary Army. They performed their professional duty during the period of hostilities. The personal data of some doctors, the facts of their further fate in Russia and life in emigration are given.

The article presents the events of 1912–1913 that took place during the restructuring of the Military Medical Academy and the formation of the status of an army medical officer. The historical information about the role and duties of army medical officers in the Russian Imperial Army before the First World War is given.

The article represents brief information about the origin and development of therapeutic care in the Russian Army and Navy. The gradual transformation from the «Army Clinic» of Prof. M.Ya. Mudrov to the medical discipline «Military fi eld therapy» («Naval therapy») is described. The data on the development of military fi eld therapy during the military confl icts of the late 1930s, the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period are presented.

The article contains brief information about the origin and development of therapeutic care in the Russian Army and Navy. The transition from the “army clinic” of prof. M.Ya. Mudrov to the medical discipline “Military fi eld therapy” (“Naval therapy”) is described.