For the first time, the values of the atomic particle-solid body potential were obtained from experimental data on the energy spectra and angular dependences of backscattered particles. The proposed procedure for determining the potential has not previously been applied. It is shown that the obtained data do not depend on the potential approximation used. The interaction potential between an ion and a solid differs markedly from the potential describing collisions in the gas phase. The screening constant increases by 10-15%. The increase in screening is due to an increase in the density of the electron gas in the region between the incident particle and the scattering center.

An overview of results concerning simulation of various processes which occur due to atomic bombardment of crystalline and amorphous solids is presented. With the use of original computational codes, the following data were obtained: reflection coefficients, projected energy losses and ranges of ions in solids, channeling data as well as sputtering yield and its dependence on incident angle of bombarding particles for Be-W and Ne-W combinations. Be, C and W targets were studied as these are among the plasma-facing materials in tokamaks, including ITER. The emphasis was made on atom-target combinations which lack reliable experimental data. Experimental data on other materials were used to verify calculations. A significant influence of the interaction potential used on the simulation results is shown. The reviewed results are tied by a common subject – a study of interaction of plasma ions and first-wall materials of a tokamak-reactor – and also by a common method of study – the use of an original computational code.