Особое место среди наноструктур занимают фул-лерены. Это связано с тем, что они, и только они, представляют собой молекулярную форму углерода. Следовательно, как и всякие молекулы, они харак-теризуются молекулярной массой и стабильностью состава. Наиболее легко получается и поэтому ши-роко используется наименьший по размеру фулле-рен С 60 , затем фуллерен С 70 . Среди других выде-ленных и хоть минимально изученных фуллеренов можно упомянуть С 74 , С 76 , С 78 , С 80 , С 82 и С 84 и т. д.Биологические свойства представителей любого класса соединений определяются их физическими и химическими свойствами. Однако это не совсем так в приложении к наноструктурам углерода во- Резюмее.В обзоре рассмотрены свойства фуллере-нов и их производных и возможность их применения в биологии и медицине. Фуллерены могут оказывать в биологических системах как антиоксидантное дей-ствие, улавливая активные формы кислорода (АФК), так и окислительное, придавая фуллерену фотосенси-тизирующие свойства. Обладающие мембранотропным действием, липофильные молекулы фуллеренов взаимо-действуют с различными биологическими структурами и могут изменять функции этих структур, увеличивая липофильность активной молекулы (аминокислот, ну-клеиновых кислот, белков и др.). Приведены данные о биологическом действии фуллеренов в опытах in vitro и in vivo. Рассмотрены примеры адресной доставки извест ных терапевтических агентов. Ключевые слова:фуллерен; антиоксидант; фото-сенситизатор; тераностик. BioLogiCAL ACtivity of fuLLErEnEs -rEALity And ProsPECts

NMDA receptors were proven to play a significant role in the processes of epileptogenesis. Experimental data indicate a significant anticonvulsant effect of NMDA receptor antagonists, but the use of the studied NMDA ligands remains limited due to their low efficiency and toxic effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of new ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (IDA) derivatives on a model of NMDA-induced convulsions in mice. The tested agents (IEM2258 and IEM2248) were injected into the lateral ventricles of a waking mouse brain at doses of 0.10.5 mmol in 5 l 15 minutes before the convulsant (NMDA). Valproic acid was used as a comparator drug. The results of the study showed that IDA derivatives exhibit anticonvulsant activity of various degrees of severity. A pronounced anticonvulsant effect was established for IEM2258 at a dose of 0.4 mmol: a significant reduction in the duration of convulsions (compared to the previous dose of the tested substance) and a total absence of NMDA-induced deaths. IEM2248 showed anticonvulsant activity at a dose of 0.2 mmol, in 100% of cases preventing fatal outcomes and completely protecting animals from the convulsions. Thus, the data obtained in this study showed dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect of new IDA derivatives (IEM2258 and IEM2248) due to the blockade of the NMDA receptor complex, that indicates the promising aspect for the development of these agents and further searching for effective and safe anticonvulsants among this pharmacological class.

Nanohorns (or nanocons) are formed when pentagons are accumulated at the top of the formed nanocarbon structure. hey are a cone formed by one layer of graphene with a diameter of 24 nm and a length of 4050 nm. The review considers the structure of these structures and their properties. The possibilities of using these structures in biology are described in detail.

The aim of this work was to study the stability of fullerene C60 upon irradiation by visible light in air flow. The fullerene film with thickness of 100 nm are studied. Analysis of the results was performed by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. It appeared that under experimental conditions the stability of the fullerene is low. When specific power of irradiation of the analyzed films W = 70 mW/cm2 for 300 hours and simultaneously pumping the air, the products of oxidation and polymerization of fullerenes are. (For citation: Ilyin VV, Piotrovskii LB. The study of the stability of fullerene C60 films. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(2):42-45. doi: 10.17816/RCF15242-45).

The review focuses on the possibilities and prospects of the use of fullerenes and their derivatives in cosmetics, the only industrial area where fullerenes have found practical application today. Based on the literary data and the results of their own experiments, the authors substantiate the safety of using fullerene for living organisms, as well as the usefulness of introducing fullerene as antioxidant in cosmetic compositions. Other useful properties of fullerene used in cosmetics and dermatology are discussed.