Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова, №2, 2012 г. 12 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ © Коллектив авторов, 2012 УДК 616.34-007.43-031:031:611.956:612.741.16 ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ РЫБ (Pisces) Е.С. Савельева, А.Е. Прощина, С.В. Савельев ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека» РАМН, г. МоскваПроведено иммуногистохимическое исследование иннервации поджелудочной железы шести видов рыб (22 особей) -акула кошачья коричневополосая (Ch. punctatum Müller and Henle, 1838), скат хвостокол речной глазчатый (P. motoro Müller & Henle, 1841), стерлядь (A. ruthenus L., 1758), угорь речной (A. anguilla L., 1758), радужная форель (S. irideus L., 1758), щука обыкновенная (E. lucius L., 1758). Использовались антитела к глюкагону (Lab Vision) и инсулину (Sigma) -для выявления эндокринного компонента поджелудочной железы, нейрон специфической энолазе (Lab Vision), нейрон специфическому β-III тубулину (Abcam), S-100 (Lab Vision), синаптофизину (Abcam) и нейропептиду Y (Abcam) -для выявления иннервации в железе. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о наличии двух типов регуляции активности эндокринных и экзокринных клеток. Архаичный механизм построен на прямой регуляции со стороны периферической нервной системы. Другой механизм построен на том, что эндокринные клетки приобрели способность влиять на дифференцировку окружающей ткани за счёт синтеза сигнальных нейропептидов.Ключевые слова: рыбы, поджелудочная железа, иммуногистохимия, нервная система, нейропептиды.
Aim. To study the distribution and cellular architecture of the largest human pancreatic islets (with a diameter of more than 200 micron) in aging and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. Materials and methods. Antibodies to insulin, glucagon, somastatin and nturon-specific enolase were applied. The autopsy samples of the pancreatic tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) and type 2 (DMT2) and 2 age groups (up to 50 years old (control) and after 50 (aging control)), not suffering from diseases of the pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism malfunction were investigated. Results. The number of islets with diameter more than 200 mkm compared to control group increased both in aging and diabetes groups. Their number reaches in some cases 15% (and higher in DM) of the total number of islets. These islets compared to the other are rich-vascularized. It was shown that glucagon and somatostatin-containing cells are found both on the periphery of the large islets, and inside them only in the immediate proximity of the capillaries. Insulin-containing cells form clusters, surrounded by the capillaries and the ?- and ?-cells, while the inner part of such clusters has no direct contact with the capillaries. In the large islets the number of glucagon-containing cells is often increased, and insulin-containing cells show signs of degradation. Conclusion. The largest of the pancreatic islets may be useless for the transplantation, because of the high content of glucagon-containing cells, the rich vascularization and, in some cases, the limited functionality of ?-cells.
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