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A sensor was developed to measure the losses in the magnetization reversal of materials. Expressions for the magnetic flux in the sensor core and the sensitivity for the amplitude processing of the signal from the magnetization reversal losses are obtained. A vector diagram of the currents and voltages is plotted, along which the phase shift of the signal from the magnetization reversal losses is determined. It is established that the phase shift of the current is due to two factors. The formula of the total phase shift from both factors is obtained. The total phase shift is directly proportional to the induction in the product and the mass of the magnetized zone, and hence the volume of the defects. It is shown that the total phase shift is directly proportional to the mass of the magnetization reversed zone, and hence to the volume of the defects. The dependence of the signal phase of the sensor on the mass of the metal in the sensor zone is obtained.

The use of energy saving technologies, reduction of losses of electric power and the electric power are actual tasks of modern power industry. The cheapest and at the same time the most effective means of increasing the technical and economic indicators of electrical systems is reactive power compensation. The paper considers three variants of reactive power compensation: installation of high-voltage capacitor banks; installation of low-voltage capacitor banks); overexcitation of synchronous machines. The comparative analysis was conducted on models compiled in the program MATLAB Simulink. The costs of generation and transmission reactive power using synchronous motors were defined. The costs of generation and transmission reactive power using low-voltage capacitor banks were defined.

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