The structure of a multicomponent system including phthalic acid esters has been studied using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and proton magnetic resonance. The obtained spectrograms are analyzed, indicating the presence of peaks corresponding to certain radicals present in the assumed structure of the main organic compounds of the multicomponent system. The presence of bromine atoms in the radicals of the molecules that make up the phthalate-containing system is established. The structure of the molecules of the basic component of the brominated system is shown. Spectral studies have confirmed the classical model of bromine addition at the site of double carbon-carbon bonds in the phthalate radical. It is established that the brominated multicomponent physico-chemical system is represented to a greater extent by esters of o-phthalic acid. The solubility parameter of the system under study is determined by the calculation method. The solubility parameter 35.3 (kJ/m3)0.5 was experimentally confirmed for a brominated phthalate-containing system. It is shown that the Small formula used to calculate the parameters of individual substances can be used to estimate the parameters of complex multicomponent systems. Polymer materials with the minimum values of deviations in the solubility parameter with the system under study, for which ~±1.5, are determined. It is established that the system under study can be used as an effective plasticizer of polybutyl acrylate, polyisoprene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate.

The features of the final stages of the process of obtaining bromine-containing phthalate-type systems are considered. The factors that influence the quality of the target product were identified and the experiment plan was developed and implemented. As factors affecting the process, the following are selected: a – temperature, K; B – duration of neutralization, h; C – mass fraction of the neutralizing agent, %; D-the ratio of the used mass of the neutralizing agent to its calculated mass by the acid number of the reaction mass. The curves describing the dependence of the response function on various factors are processed using a graphical editor. The obtained curves are analyzed, indicating the presence of extremes and inflection points corresponding to the minimum acid number. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed that the error of the result obtained by the regression equation is no more than 10%. Using balance calculations, it is established that the implementation of the process of neutralization of bromine-containing phthalate-type systems without a solvent will reduce losses by 3–5 times. Optimal conditions were found to ensure a low acid number of the target product after neutralization: the neutralization temperature is 315 K, the duration of neutralization is 0.5 h, the concentration of potassium hydroxide in an aqueous solution is 11 wt.%, the excess of the neutralizing agent per mol of the calculated 2.44 mol/mol. It is proved that conducting the process without solvents has a positive impact on both technological and economic indicators.the ralizing agent per mol is estimated at 2.44 mol/mol.

The scope of application of the modern regulatory framework in the field of assessing the negative impact on the environment for food industry enterprises has been investigated. The issues of biotechnological protection of environmental objects are considered, taking into account the effective use of natural resources, production and consumption waste. An assessment of modern methods and approaches to environmental health improvement, including minimization of negative impacts, is given. An expert assessment of the environmental component of the business was carried out. It is shown that an effective environmental policy in all areas of business should be accompanied by the disclosure of environmental initiatives in information and communication networks through marketing campaigns. The main approaches to biotechnological protection of environmental objects, aimed at the efficient use of natural resources, production and consumption waste, are analyzed. Modern methods and approaches to environmental health improvement, including minimization of negative impact, are evaluated. The necessity of extraction of toxic heavy metals from waste before their disposal for storage and disposal in order to prevent damage to the environment is shown. The advantages of biochemical soil remediation for leaching metals with selection and specialized adaptation of working strains of microorganisms are noted. The need for large-scale incentives for manufacturers to introduce technological processes that minimally pollutes the environment has been established.

The application of the method of phyto-testing to determine the hazard class of the waste (waste activated sludge from sludge beds, sawdust from natural acacia wood, beer malt spent, fresh chicken dung, sunflower husk), subjected to storage for several months. The values of the minimum effective (threshold) dilution, which has the effect of inhibiting root growth by 20 %, and the values of medium-effective dilution, inhibiting growth by 50 % compared to distilled water were determined. For sunflower husk and beer malt spent, a contradiction was established between the approved hazard class according to the FCCW and a certain hazard class according to the method of MP 2.1.7.2297-07, which indicates a change in the chemical composition of the waste that has been stored for a long period of time.

Рассмотрена возможность бромирования молекулярным бромом смеси фталатов, полученных из отходов производства бутиловых спиртов оксосинтезом. Исследованы особенности проведения процесса в ледяной уксусной кислоте, четыреххлористом углероде, изопропиловом спирте, воде, без использования растворителя. Отмечено снижение скорости присоединения брома при увеличении диэлектрической проницаемости реакционной среды, а также протекание реакций замещения в алифатическом радикале и бензольном кольце исследуемой системы. Показана предпочтительность бромирования объекта исследования в средах с низкой диэлектрической проницаемостью. Получено регрессионное уравнение, учитывающее влияние температуры, скорости введения брома, природы растворителя, избытка брома на функции отклика: степень бромирования, йодное число, кислотное число. Доказана его обоснованность и практическое значение. Установлена линейная зависимость степени бромирования от диэлектической проницаемости среды. Определены оптимальные условия присоединения брома по двойным связям непредельных радикалов исследуемых фталатов, обеспечивающие максимальную степень бромирования и минимум кислотности системы. Предложена последовательность технологических операций процесса получения модифицированной фталатсодержащей системы: подготовка исходного сырья, бромирование свободным бромом, нейтрализация избытка брома, вакуумная отгонка следов влаги из продуктов нейтрализации, фильтрация конечного продукта.