No abstract

The aim of the article is to study the effect of various biological agents of biofungicides on plant resistance to drought and formation of spring barley crops. Endophytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), rhizospheric bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens), actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp.), and micromycetes (Trichoderma viride) were used as bioagents of biofungicides. Preparations based on biological agents were used to treat spring barley seeds. The studies were carried out in laboratory and field conditions. In the conditions of the model artificial acute drought, it was found that seed treatment with Streptomyces sp. Stimulates the leaf and root growth, as well as increases peroxidase activity in the leaves. The maximum content of proline was during seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens. An increase in the content of chlorophyll was observed when treating with Trichoderma viride seeds. In the field conditions, Pseudomonas putida and Streptomyces were more efficient by the content of proline in seedlings. In terms of the spring barley yield, seed treatment with Streptomyces sp., Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis was more efficient. Streptomyces sp., Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis are promising for increasing barley resistance to drought.

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

In 2018, studies were conducted to assess the impact of foliar feeding with complex fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of two soybean varieties. Weather conditions throughout the year were noted periodically dry in May, June and August. Metallocene® fertilizers with different mineral nutrition elements were used for soybean spraying. The fertilizers were used for spraying in the soybean beginning bloom stage. Еру control served as a variant without foliar feeding. It was found that the variety Annushka in the conditions of 2018 was more productive than the variety Milyaushaa. The difference between the varieties in the control was 0.3 t/ha. Low yield in the control sample was associated with the negative effect of drought on the existing root system and the nudeles on it. Spraying Annushka crops by Metallocene® A with copper has high positive effect on the yield. The yield increase from this fertilizer was 0.72 t/ha. In case with Milyaushaa, the best indicators were achieved by Metallocene® D spraying with manganese. In case the yield increased by 0.79 t/ha. The use of foliar feeding had positive effect on soybean seed size. The maximum 1000 seed weight Annushka was for Metallocene® A with copper. For Milyaushaa the largest seeds were when using Metallocene® D with manganese. Foliar feeding by Metallocene® D with manganese had positive effect on phosphorus accumulation in seeds.

The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of microbiome and seed bacterial endophytes isolated from different varieties of spring wheat grown in different areas of Eurasia (European part of Russia (Volga region), countries of Central Asia). The main method of the microbiome studies was PCR. Isolation of bacterial endophytes from the seeds allowed estimating their count and evaluating their activity towards Fusarium oxysporum. Quantitative analysis of the microbiome was performed on seeds from different spring wheat varieties (genotypes) obtained from the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tadzhikistan. The differences in the bacterial endophytic microflora of the seeds and their activity towards Fusarium oxysporum were established. The seeds grown in Central Asia have higher count of both total microbiome and bacterial endophytes active against phytopathogens than the seeds grown in Volga region of the Russian Federation. Differences in the species composition of seed endophytic bacteria were established. Active strains of seed endophytic bacteria obtained from Tajikistan belonged to the species Bacillus jeuvensis. Active strains of bacterial endophytes were isolated from spring wheat seeds grown in Tadzhikistan for the development of highly potential biofungicides. The study results confirmed that seed microbiome depends on variety and the area of cultivation. The materials of the study can be useful for the evaluation of the seeds in the breeding of spring wheat and in the search for new biological agents for biofungicides development.