Бурильные трубы подвергаются в процессе работы нестабильным динамическим нагрузкам и своевременное эффективное выявление развивающихся усталостных трещин является необходимой задачей предотвращения экономических потерь. Работа посвящена сравнительным испытаниям неразрушающими методами контроля бурильных труб в процессе их эксплуатации. В статье приведены результаты неразрушающего контроля наиболее подверженной дефектообразованию резьбовой части бурильных труб для строительных работ. Контроль проводили ультразвуковым, вихретоковым, магнитопорошковым и капиллярным методами. При обсуждении результатов контроля установлено, что наиболее эффективным методом для обнаружения усталостных трещин на ранних стадиях их развития является магнитопорошковый метод, так как этим методом выявляются трещины на наиболее ранних стадиях их развития. Развитые трещины (глубиной более 2 мм) обнаруживаются всеми использованными методами. По результатам исследований предложен двухэтапная система периодического диагностирования резьбовой части бурильных труб, когда на ранней стадии обнаруживаются усталостные трещины магнитопорошковым методом за развитием которых наблюдают другими методами неразрушающего контроля. Drill pipes are exposed to unstable dynamic loads during operation, and timely and effective detection of developing fatigue cracks is a necessary task to prevent economic losses. The work is devoted to comparative testing by non-destructive methods of control of drill pipes during their operation. The article presents the results of non-destructive testing of the most susceptible to defect formation of the threaded part of drill pipes for construction work. The control was carried out by ultrasonic, eddy current, magnetic particle and capillary methods. When discussing the test results, it was found that the most effective method for detecting fatigue cracks at the early stages of their development is the magnetic particle method, since this method detects cracks at the earliest stages of their development. Developed cracks, which more than 2 mm deep, are detected by all methods used. Based on the results of the research, a two-stage system for periodic diagnosing of the threaded part of drill pipes is proposed, when fatigue cracks are detected at an early stage by the magnetic particle method, the development of which is monitored by other methods of non-destructive testing.
In this paper, experimental and computational studies of the method of controlling the tension of bearing rings using the acoustoelasticity effect, based on measuring the characteristics of surface elastic waves propagating in a stressed medium, are carried out. Tuning samples of bearing rings tension on the axle neck of a freight car wheelset with an error of no more than 7 microns were developed and manufactured. Certification of a hydraulic stand for loading bearing rings, simulating their press fit on the axle, was performed. For surface waves, the acoustoelastic coefficient was measured by a Rayleigh wave pulse that repeatedly circled the ring. The correlation method for determining the delay time of a wave in a loaded ring relative to the unloaded one is optimized according to the condition of error minimization. The main reasons for the appearance of errors and uncertainties in the absolute time of propagation of a surface wave through the ring are considered: the influence of waves reflected from the boundaries, the curvature of the surface, and attenuation. The bearing ring tension was measured using the acoustoelasticity effect and the uncertainty of the stress measurement was estimated.
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