The article is devoted to a very important problem of contemporary education -the problem of professional and personal development and self-determination of a student at a higher education institution. The article outlines the theoretical analysis of studying the role of a training course in the educational process, as well as advantages of applying the social and psychological training course as a form of teaching for specialists' education. The theoretical-phenomenological analysis and a forming experiment were used as the study methods. The conclusions described in the article emphasize the fact that a student should have initial opportunities, abilities, knowledge, competence, skills and a high motivation to achieve a high level of professionalism in his professional activity. It is very important that a professional should not only possess mastery but be recognized to have a high effectiveness and stability of activity results which is achieved by the use of various forms and methods of teaching in the process of professional education. The social and N. G. Enyashina et al. 754psychological training course is a form of work that helps to effectively develop the skills of professional activity creating the emotionally safe milieu in students' learning that gives an opportunity of getting an active feedback and forming a skill of self-analysis. This article can be of use to teachers of higher education institutions, social workers as well as to psychologists-practitioners.

The relevance of research. Many universities in Russia have not yet formed in their structure interdisciplinary academic systems to support the educational process, do not pose and do not solve the problem of building and developing interprofessional communications between service units in situations of macro-social crises and emergencies that fill the modern life of educational subjects, and pose new challenges and the tasks of psychological and other types of assistance from academic services. Research problem. The psychological service of the university often takes on all the problems existing for subjects and stakeholders of education (including medical, social, legal, educational, etc.): such a strategy of activity is of a protective nature of “half measures” that interferes with the search and implementation of effective approaches to solving problems... Therefore, it is extremely important to determine what academic psychological support services for the educational process should and should not do. Understanding the limitations of the current capabilities of the service, its specialists need to be aware of the prospects and those options for assistance that the service could perform, helping to make the educational environment of the university as harmonious and appropriate to the needs of educational entities as possible, not only to prevent and resolve problems and violations of their development, but to set goals self-improvement, develop both in stable and crisis periods. The aim of the research is to study the main tasks and directions of work of modern psychological services of institutions of higher professional education. Procedure and Methods. Research methods – theoretical analysis and synthesis of the problems of leading tasks and areas of work of modern psychological services of institutions of higher professional education. Results. Modern academic support services for the educational process include in their work a whole range of tasks, however, in practice, in many cases, some of the tasks remain unsolved, the available methodological and theoretical resources are unclaimed. Conclusion. Prospects for researching the problem are related to the possibilities, limitations, directions and technologies of anti-crisis assistance: assistance in situations of intrapersonal and microsocial and macrosocial crises. Recommendations for improving the work of modern academic services for psychological support of education include, as the leading concepts, “anti-crisis”, “interdisciplinary”, “aimed at improving” the subjects of education.

В статье описывается эмпирически выявленное своеобразие феномена удовлетворенности супружеством в бинациональных и однонациональных официальных супружеских парах применительно к основным его характеристикам: личная, взаимная, средняя на супружескую пару и по сферам супружества (хозяйственно-бытовая, сексуально-эротическая, досуговая, психотерапевтическая, рождение и воспитание детей, единодушие во взглядах и оценке родственников, друзей), особенности конфликтов в дву- и однонациональных браках. Методы данного исследования: анализ литературы по изучаемой проблеме, психодиагностический метод, метод сравнения групп, методы качественно-количественного и статистического анализа результатов. Методический инструментарий был представлен тестом «Удовлетворенность браком» О. О. Ерёмичевой и Л. Я. Гозмана, в адаптации А. И. Тащёвой, и анкетой А. И. Тащёвой, выявляющей основные социально-демографические, социально-экономические и иные 19 характеристик супружеских пар.     Эмпирический объект исследования – партнеры 30 официальных супружеских пар, каждому из которых 25–35 лет (русские, армяне, осетины, украинцы, белорусы, грузины). В целом, полученные результаты приводят к важному выводу о том, что для супругов однонациональных пар, по сравнению с бинациональными, характерны статистически достоверные более высокая удовлетворенность браком в целом; и применительно к каждой из сфер супружества (хозяйственно-бытовая, сексуально-эротическая, досуговая, психотерапевтическая, рождение и воспитание детей, единодушие во взглядах и оценке родственников, друзей). Практическая значимость данного исследования заключается в возможности применения результатов в психологических центрах при работе с вступающими в брак и с разводящимися парами разного этнического состава для первичной диагностики качества взаимоотношений в браке, профилактики и психологической коррекции деструктивных супружеских конфликтов в них для оптимизации качества супружеских отношений как одного из базовых средств продуктивной реализации государственной позитивной демографической политики. Данная статья является фрагментом более широкого исследования на тему «Супружеские конфликты в биэтнических парах в возрасте ранней зрелости» [7].

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