Связывание разными способами ионов редкоземельных металлов с наночастицами позволяет создавать материалы с новыми свойствами. Методом " зеленого" синтеза были получены наночастицы серебра, функционализированные ионами Dy 3+. Измерены спектры поглощения и фотолюминесценции коллоидных растворов, проанализированы характеристики полученных наночастиц Ag на электронном микроскопе. Результаты наблюдений хорошо согласуются с оценками, полученными по спектрам поглощения с помощью классической модели. Определена форма (в основном сферическая), размеры наночастиц (d = 70 nm), объемная доля серебра в коллоидном растворе f = 6 • 10 −4. Функционализирование наночастиц серебра ионами диспрозия в рамках использованной в настоящей работе методики можно распространить на другие редкоземельные элементы.

The results of experimental studies of conductivity anomalies in film samples of specially synthesized copolymer are analyzed, in which in PVC macromolecules the polyacetylene molecular fragments are embedded with a variable concentration. It has been experimentally established that spontaneous and stimulated conduction jumps occur in such samples by 13 orders of magnitude, and the life of each of these states can be very large from a few minutes to a day. In paper we propose a qualitative model describing the anomalous behavior of the conductivity of the PVC composite, comprising the mechanisms of stabilization of high conductivity state, the conditions of development of instability in the transitions between the states, as well as the reasons for long living state of high conductivity even when the applied voltage is switched off. Simple numerical estimates confirming the reality of the proposed mechanisms are also considered.

The temperature dependence conductivity of heat-treated PVC films containing conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds in the chain of their macromolecules, which are copolymers of polyvinyl chloride-polyacetylene, was studied. In samples with an excess of the threshold concentration of conjugated double bonds of carbon and their associated charge carriers (π-electrons), conduction switches were detected by 10 orders of magnitude with increasing temperature. The instability of the state with semiconducting conductivity in the temperature range, the width of which depends on the concentration of conjugated double carbon-carbon bonds and the associated charge carriers, is found. A qualitatively increase in the concentration of conjugated carbon – carbon double bonds was monitored by fixing the photoluminescence spectra and infrared absorption spectra.

In this paper, we report on the experimental observation of light-induced anisotropy (the optical Kerr effect) due to third-order nonlinear dielectric susceptibility (3) in a nanocomposite material consisting of CdSe quantum dots in a phosphate glass matrix. The signs and values of the off-diagonal components of the tensor (3) are determined using z-scanning techniques and nonlinear ellipsometry. It was shown that the nonlinear response contains three time components, the fastest of which does not exceed 20 ps, the average has an exponential form and amounted to 90 11 and 38530 ps for different samples, and the longest nonexponential and amounts to times of the order of a few nanoseconds. The switching of an optical signal with a time not exceeding 20 ps is demonstrated.