This article continues and extends the topic addressed at the last conference held in Moscow in 2011 – prospects of aluminum tubes in well construction in the Arctic1. In addition to well-known successful practices of using aluminum drill pipes, it highlights the results of manufacturing and application of tubing and casing, as well as risers made of structural aluminum alloy tube semis (SAA). Attention is also paid to the fact that though there are some obvious and proven SAA advantages in comparison with conventional tube semis, application of aluminum tubular products remains rather limited. This circumstance can be explained by certain conservatism of the engineering community that still relies on generally accepted dogmas of aluminum alloy deficiencies. These include low hardness contributing to increased wear of the surface in contact with rock or other material and limited corrosion resistance in some conditions, for example, with increased chloride content. Many experts believe that these negative circumstances prevail over such advantages as hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistance, stability of properties at low temperatures and, finally, a huge advantage in strength-to-weight ratio of the tubular structure – a freely suspended SAS string is almost twice as long as the string made of steel. Such approach, subject to a wide offering of advanced high-strength steel tubes and special alloy tubes resistant to hydrogen sulfide corrosion, helps to solve current problems in a traditional conservative way. However, increasingly difficult conditions of field development result in substantially higher costs of well drilling, completion and operation, and the Artic is one of the brightest examples of this tendency. This is precisely why the authors again offer to consider alternative "aluminum" solutions of the problems. The article describes the results of using advanced techniques for SAA surface treatment that enable to minimize low strength and wear problems. Among them are ultrasound treatment and different coatings. Also, the examples of solutions are given that enabled adaptation of SAA tubes for use in corrosive environment – 7" production casing installed in the well with more than 18 % hydrogen sulfide content in the produced oil; 22" offshore drilling riser operated at the water depth of more than 2,000 meters. Business success by enjoying SAA advantages is possible when a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach is used to design tubular or other structures for operations in extreme conditions whether these are drilling pipes, tubing or casing, risers or pipelines. The experience in other industries, for example, in shipbuilding, demonstrates the possibilities for solving great challenges by combining the efforts of experts in the sphere of materials science, metallurgy, machine building and structural design in this industry. In view of the tasks that are set, in particular, in arctic field development, building of specialized expert teams on the base on well-known research centers and scientific communities will allow making effective innovative decisions promptly and with the required reliability.
Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и профпатологии, Нижний Новгород 603950, Российская Федерация Цель исследования. Обосновать способ разработки специальных продуктов для питания спортсменов, оценить эффективность натурального концентрированного пищевого продукта, произведенного по криогенной технологии, в рационе лиц, занимающихся циклическими видами спорта. Материал и методы. Для обоснования способа, позволяющего разрабатывать специальные продукты питания, в рацион спортсменов-гребцов ввели пищевые продукты, произведенные по криогенной технологии. Оценили исходную, после приема в течение 15 дней и еще через 30 дней обеспеченность организма рядом витаминов и минералов. Определили содержание этих нутриентов в использованных продуктах. С помощью оригинальной методики разбиения диапазона доз указанных веществ на зоны с разным числом измеренных значений в каждой формировали таблицу средних частот эффектов, данные которой представлены графически на плоскости «доза -эффект». Массив точек аппроксимировали по методу наименьших квадратов. Это позволило определить потребность витаминов и минералов на 1 кг массы тела. Разработали многокомпо-нентный продукт спортивного питания, ввели в рацион питания пловцов, который принимали от 20 до 27 гр. ежедневно 15 дней. Результаты. На фоне значительных нагрузок показаны достоверные различия по сравнению с группой контроля по влиянию на сердечно-сосу-дистую систему, белковый, липидный обмены, эритропоэз, ферментные системы, витаминно-минеральную насыщенность, динамику масса тела и мышечной силы, спортивные результаты: время заплыва кролем, которое затрачено на преодоление дистанции 100 м у спортсменов основной группы снизилось на 0,442 сек, контрольной -на 0,168 сек; через 30 и 40 дней после его приема -на 0,952-0,506 сек и 1,459-0,786 сек соответственно. Заключение. Использованный подход применим для разработки специальных продуктов питания для спортсменов различных видов спорта. Они влияют на метаболические процессы организма и способствуют повышению спортивных результатов. Ключевые слова: способ разработки продуктов питания для спортсменов, криогенная технология переработки, значительные физические на-грузки, циклические виды спорта, витаминно-минеральная насыщенность, метаболические реакции организма, спортивная результативность. The aim of the research. To substantiate the way of developing special products for the nutrition of athletes, to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural concentrated food product, produced by cryogenic technology in the diet of athlets, involved in cyclic sport. Material and methods. To substantiate the way that allows the development of special food products, in the ration of athletes-rowers were added food products produced by cryogenic technology. Were evaluated the baseline, after taking 15 days and after another 30 days, providing the body with a number of vitamins and minerals. The content of these nutrients in the used products was determined. Using the original technique of dividing the range of doses of these substances in...
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