Изучено состояние иммунного статуса, активность глутатионпероксидазы (ГПО), глутатионредуктазы (ГР), каталазы, аденозиндезаминазы (АD), АМР-дезаминазы (АМPD), 5¢-нуклеотидазы (5¢Н), уровень малонового диальдегида (МДА) и диеновых коньюгатов (ДК) при введении животным адреналина АМP и аденозина. Адреналин вызывал увеличение общего числа лейкоцитов, лимфоцитов, снижение числа Т-супрессоров, РТМЛ и НСТ, увеличение уровня ДК. АМР и аденозин увеличивали общее число лейкоцитов, лимфоцитов, Т-лимфоцитов, Т-хелперов, снижали уровень МДА, РТМЛ и количество Т-супрессоров. Увеличивая соотношения активности AD/АМPD, адреналин, АМР и аденозин усиливают функциональную взаимосвязь Т-и В-звеньев иммунитета. Введение адреналина приводило к увеличению активности ГПО, каталазы, АD и АМPD в сердце и печени, а АМР и аденозина -к снижению активности ГР, ГПО, каталазы, уровня МДА и повышению активности АD и АМPD в сердце. Полученные результаты показывают, что при введении адреналина, АМР и аденозина происходит увеличение активности ферментов метаболизма пуриновых нуклеотидов (АД, AMP) и усиление функциональной взаимосвязи Т-и В-звеньев иммунитета. В отличие от адреналина, введение АМР и аденозина животным не вызывает стрессорной реакции организма.

We studied the intensity of free radical processes in organs (liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes of the small intestine, and adrenal glands) and cells (lymphocytes) in the delayed period after combined exposure to a sublethal dose of γ-radiation (6 Gy) and asbestos dust particles. Combined exposure was followed by accumulation of LPO metabolites (diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde) in homogenates of the studied organs and resulted in antioxidant defense failure in experimental animals. Ionizing radiation have a pivotal role in these processes.

The immune status, components of the glutathione redox system, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and metabolism of purine nucleotides have been investigated in animals with experimental hypothyroidism. On day 8 after an increase in the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-suppressors as well as increased number of B-lymphocytes was found in blood of thyroidectomized rats. This was accompanied by decreased activity of adenosine deaminase (AD), AMP-deaminase (AMPD), and 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) in blood, but the ratio of enzyme activity AD/AMPD increased. These changes in the activity of enzymes, involved in purine catabolism can be regarded as increased functional relationships between T and B lymphocytes in hypothyroidism. The functional changes of immune system cells were accompanied by increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and the ratio GH/GPx. Thyroidectomized rats had increased amounts of total, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH), but the ratio GSH/GSSG decerased as compared with control animals. In the liver, hypothyroidism resulted in activation of SOD, GPx, decreased activity of GR and decreased ratio GR/GPx. At the same time, the levels of total, oxidized, and reduced glutathione increased, but the ratio GSH/GSSG as well as activities of enzymes involved in purine nucleotide metabolism ratio (and their ratio 5'N/AD + AMPD) decreased. All these data suggest a functional relationship of the glutathione redox system not only with antioxidant enzymes, but also activity of enzymes involved purine nucleotide metabolism and immune status.

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Абстрактный Background: Myocardial ischemia is accompanied by a significant increase in adrenaline content in the heart. By its nature, sympathetic hyperactivation is accompanied by increased formation of products of enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolism of adrenaline and its analogues, which can change the use of ATP by cells, change the activity of mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes, contributing to disruption of bioenergetic adaptation, antioxidant defense system and levels of intercellular modulators such as AMP and adenosine. The study objective was to explore the features of adrenaline and its analogues in the regulation of the activity of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzymes of cardiomyocytes. Methods: The experiment was carried out on 65 three-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 60-190 g. To study the effects of catecholamines and their metabolites in the regulation of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzymes activity of cardiomyocytes, experimental rats were put to death by intraperitoneal injection of 10% ketamine in an amount of 0.25 mg per 100 g. Activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial DNP-activated ATPase, adenosine deaminase (AD), AMP deaminase (AMPD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) were determined. Results: Dopamine has the greatest activating effect on cardiac mitochondrial ADH, adrenaline on CHO, and adrenochrome and adrenoxyl on ATPase. Isadrine and dopamine reduce cardiac AMPase activity. An activating effect on cardiac mitochondrial AMP deaminase was found only in norepinephrine.  Заключение. В кардиомиоцитах адреналин активирует цитозольные ферменты метаболизма пуриновых нуклеотидов AD и AMPD, а также повышает уровень перекисного окисления липидов (MDA и DC). Это доказывает, что адреналин, воздействуя на адренорецепторные механизмы, приводит организм в состояние окислительного стресса. Гормоны-медиаторы симпато-адреналовой системы адреналин, дофамин, норадреналин, изадрин и метаболиты катехоламинов (адренохром и адреноксил), изменяют активность ферментов митохондриальной дыхательной цепи кардиомиоцитов, а также регулируют процессы тканевого дыхания, переводя митохондрии в состояние «рыхлого» состояния. «сочетание дыхания и фосфорилирования.