The influence of ions of heavy metals (copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc, cobalt and manganese) was investigated on the basis of trophic characteristics: the average daily ration (ADR), and duration of food passage (DFP) of the Lymnaea stagnalis L. in various concentrations of toxicants in vivisection experiment. In addition to these indicators, the total amount of food consumed in the solutions with various concentrations of pollutants was found out during the chronic experiment and it was calculated for an individual (average monthly ration – AMR). It leads to the conclusions about the intensity of food consuming considering different levels of intoxication. In solutions with lethal concentrations, the death of animals occurs during the first day of its impact due to the damage of tissues and organ systems. Chronic lethal concentrations of toxicants inhibit the nutrition of pond snails dramatically. At the beginning of the experiment, solutions of heavy metals with sublethal concentrations give some stimulatory effect on the digestive system of molluscs that is replaced by its suppression in case of longer being in the toxic environment. The influence of toxicants within a subthreshold limit cannot be considered safe because of the cumulative properties of heavy metals – they become sublethal with prolonged exposure time.

Поліський природний заповідник, с. Селезівка, Україна 2 Житомирський національний агроекологічний університет, м. Житомир, Україна Наведено результати дослідження впливу епігейних лишайників на міграцію 137 Сs у системі "ґрунт-рослина" сухих і свіжих борів Поліського природного заповідника. Встановлено, що лишайники пришвидшують розкладання хвойного опаду в лісових насадженнях, що призводить до інтенсивнішого вивільнення 137 Сs з лісової підстилки і переведення його у доступні для рослин водорозчинні та обмінні форми у ґрунті. Це збільшує міграцію радіонуклідів в лісових екосистемах. Коефіцієнти переходу 137 Сs до вищих рослини у сухих і свіжих борах з лишайниковим покривом вищі, ніж у насадженнях без лишайників. Ключові слова: лишайники, сухий і свіжий бір, лісова підстилка, ґрунт, радіонукліди.

It is established that calcium concentration changes (variations) in the water environment significantly influence its intake and distribution in tissues and organs of hydrobionts. The decrease in calcium concentration in water from 100 to 60 mg.L-1 significantly reduces its content in fish liver. In the gills glandular apparatus of fish acclimated to the environment with lower calcium level (in comparison with control one), its concentration on the first day of the acclimation period slightly exceeded the initial level, thus testifying to its possible excretion of endogenous calcium by gills. The increase of calcium excretion through the renal and digestive systems in fish acclimates to the higher water level, and specific changes in phosphates excretion dynamics accompany oral intake. Long keeping fish in water with 100 mg.L-1 calcium is accompanied by the increase of total phosphorus in urine (by 2 – 2.5 times), and its day excretion increases by 1.9 – 2.4 times. During fish acclimation to higher calcium levels in the water environment, the excretion of total phosphorus with faecal matter increases. The increase of calcium in the water environment to 100 mg.L-1 leads to a temporary increase in total phosphorus excretion with faecal issues. The rise in cation concentration to 200 mg.L-1  increases significantly during long-time fish stay in such an environment.

The formation process in the selection of winter common wheat for productivity and quality has been expanded by using the gene pool of related species. The purpose of this study was to expand the formative process in the selection of Triticum aestivum L. winter type of development with the further obtaining of genotypes with increased adaptability, plant productivity and grain quality through the use of winter common wheat with purple grain, whole grain wheat and Ethiopian wheat in hybridization. In the study, the methods of conducting the examination of plant varieties are used for carrying out phenological observations, morphological studies, evaluation of breeding material according to economic and valuable characteristics. In the creation of new forms, methods of hybridization and individual selection were used, and the TVEL method was used for pollination. The protein and gluten content were determined by infrared spectrometry. Parental components were studied and selected to expand the forming process to obtain productive grains from the main ear, thousand kernel weight, high grain quality, resistant to lodging, shedding of grain, drought-resistant and resistant to fungal pathogens, hybrid forms, specifically as a result of involvement of the source material Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. in the hybridization. According to the results of the hybridization of winter common wheat and Ethiopian wheat, it was possible to obtain and breed in F4 forms with a long ear (>10-11 cm), an increased amount of grain from the main ear (>55 pcs.) and a different colour of grain from dark brown to purple, as an indicator of increased anthocyanin content and high antioxidant capacity. The practical value of this study lies in the fact that the research results expand information on the use of winter common wheat in the selection of productivity and quality of other types of wheat: Triticum sphaerococcum, T. aethiop. var. decoloratum, and the developed proposals will allow considering the use of parental components of wheat in research, help improve methods of hybridization and selection of new forms with desirable traits in the system of interspecies crossings

Наведено результати вивчення впливу омолоджувального обрізування на дерева роду Tilia L., визначено фітосанітарний стан представників видів липи серцелистої (Тilia cordata Mill.) та липи крупнолистої (Тilia platiphyllos Scop.) на центральних вулицях Житомира. Встановлено, що глибоке обрізування крони дерев липи з роками негативно впливає на життєвий стан дерев, позначається на їхній декоративності, прискорює процеси старіння та скорочує середню тривалість життя. Виявлено, що дерева роду Тilia L., які піддавались глибокому обрізуванню крони, найчастіше уражуються трутовиком справжнім (Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. та трутовиком лускатим (Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr.).