The purpose of the article is to determine the level of poverty among Ukrainian pensioners, assess deprivations, including those in different types of settlements, and forecast the impact of full-scale military actions on the increase in monetary poverty. Studying poverty among pensioners during wartime is very important, as retirement age is a time in life when a person can no longer ensure a stable income, except for their pension, and requires access to healthcare and various social services. Military actions in some parts of Ukraine make normal existence impossible and critically exacerbate the problem of poverty, while in other areas, they significantly increase the poverty level due to a general decline in the standard of living. Various methods are used to study poverty among pensioners in Ukraine, both specialized and general scientific methods. The monographic method, bibliometrics, and content analysis are used for preliminary study of the problem. The computational method, forecasting, and modeling are used to forecast the impact of full-scale military actions on the growth of monetary poverty. The scale of pre-war poverty levels among Ukrainian pensioners, including self-assessment, has been assessed. In 2021, 26.3 % of urban and 29.2 % of rural pensioner households were classified as poor according to the relative criterion. On average, 23.4 % of households across the country were classified as poor. The level of poverty has been determined based on deprivations. The poverty level based on deprivation indicators in different types of settlements (share of households experiencing 4 or more deprivations) in 2020 was 2.6 times higher in rural areas compared to the corresponding indicator in cities. Deprivations among Ukrainian pensioners have been assessed in terms of types of settlements. Forecasts for poverty among Ukrainian pensioners have been provided based on the absolute criterion of expenses below the actual subsistence minimum. According to the forecasts of experts from the Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 2023, the share of the population living on less than the actual subsistence minimum will increase by 1.7 times throughout the country, compared to 2021, and reach 67.8 %. Taking into account the fact that the poverty level among pensioners, especially older people, significantly exceeds the average indicators for the country from year to year, the majority of elderly people — 76.4 % in cities and 83 % in rural areas — will fall into the category of poor.
Актуальність. Дирофіляріоз (dirofilarioses), що відноситься до ларвальних гельмінтозів, є захворюванням, кількість якого у людини, за літературними даними, в останні роки значно збільшилась, що пов’язують з ростом бродячих тварин та їх міграцією між населеними пунктами, процесом урбанізації, глобальним потеплінням клімату. Мета. Проаналізувати особливості клініки, діагностики і лікування дирофіляріозу повік і орбіти. Матеріал і методи. Проаналізовано 58 історій хвороби пацієнтів, які лікувалися в ДУ «Інститут очних хвороб і тканинної терапії ім. В.П.Філатова НАМН України» з 2006 по 2022 рр з діагнозом дирофіляріоз. Було 13 (22,4%) чоловіків і 45 (77,6%) жінок. Середній вік пацієнтів складав 48,8±15,2 років. Хворі проходили стандартне офтальмологічне обстеження і спеціальні методи дослідження (ультразвукове сканування (УЗ), комп’ютерну томографію (КТ) або магнітно-резонансну томографію (МРТ)) ока і орбіти. Лікування всіх хворих – хірургічне. Особь гельмінта веріфікували в паразитологічній лабораторії, капсулу навколо гельмінта досліджували в лабораторії патоморфології інституту. Результати. З Одеси і Одеської області – 15 (25,9%) випадків, частіше звертались пацієнти з Ізмаїльського та Білгород-Дністрівського районів. За локалізацією гельмінта переважна кількість хворих була з ураженням тканин орбіти – 53 (91,4%) випадків, повік – 5 (8,6%). Усі хворі (100%) скаржились на почервоніння шкіри і набряк повік. При міграції гельмінта глибше в тканини орбіти з’являвся екзофтальм, ступінь якого не перевищувала 2-3 мм, і диплопія – 15 (28,3%) випадків. Верифікація гельмінту в паразитологічній лабораторії показала наявність D.Repens у всіх 58 випадках, з яких статевозрілих самок гельмінта було виявлено 44 (75,9%), її фрагментів – 11 (19,0%), у двох (3,4%) випадках виявлено статевонезрілі самки і в одному (1,8%) – самець дирофілярії. Розміри особі дирофілярії коливались від 2,2 до 15 мм в довжину і до 1 мм в товщину. Висновки. При дирофіляріозі органа зору хірургічне видалення гельмінту є основним методом лікування незалежно від його локалізації (повіки, орбіта, око) з обов’язковим призначенням дезинфікуючих, протизапальних і антигістамінних препаратів як місцево (краплі, мазі), так і внутрішньо. УЗ-сканування тканин повік і орбіти може бути одним із «золотих стандартів» диференційної діагностики дирофіляріозу поряд с КТ і МРТ.
Professor Olena Petrivna Sotnikova, Head of Pharmacology and Tissue Therapy Laboratory at the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, passed away on June 9, 2023. She was born in the town of Makiivka, Donetsk region, on June 26, 1939. After graduating cum laude from the Faculty of General Medicine, Odesa Medical Institute, in 1969, Olena Petrivna began her career as a junior research associate at the Pharmacology and Tissue Therapy Laboratory at the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, NAMS of Ukraine. Completing her Cand Sc (Med) thesis, Cytochemical Changes in the Corneal Epithelium and Nasal Mucosa in Impaired Sensory Innervation, under the co-supervision of Drs Sc (Med) V.D. Dragomiretskyi and R.K. Marmur, was her first serious achievement in science. In 1981, O.P. Sotnikova was awarded with a silver medal and the Certificate of Participation in the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR as a co-developer of a preparation named “aloe tablets covered with a film shell”. She defended her Dr Sc (Med) dissertation and became head of the Pharmacology and Tissue Therapy Laboratory in 1990 and was promoted to professorship in 1999. Professor Sotnikova’s study on molecular and cellular bioregulative and protective mechanisms of tissue preparations in the presence of the impact of adverse factors on the body has become an important contribution to the Acad. Filatov’s fundamental theory of “biogenic stimulators”. Two components had been incorporated into the science and practice activities of the laboratory under her guidance: first, the ocular pharmacological research aimed at the development of single and multicomponent ophthalmic dosage forms from national plant, animal and geo-organic raw materials, and, second, the preclinical evaluation of the curative and preventive efficacy of these forms in ophthalmopathy models. Twelve individuals completed their Cand Sc (Med) degrees under the supervision of Prof. Sotnikova. She produced about 400 publications and authored or co-authored 20 patents. Olena Petrivna was a person with a capital P. She was a remarkably talented scientist and manager, and her job was her passion. She also was a benevolent and empathetic person who had never remained indifferent to the problems of others and was always ready to assist in any way she could. Olena Petrivna’s memory will leave on forever through her numerous published works, scientific ideas and research results, and the apprentices that she mentored.
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