The results of the research of nano- and microparticles of atmospheric suspensions which were in the snow of Birobidzhan and the Reserve Bastak in the winter of 2013/2014 by means of laser granulometry and mass spectrometry of high resolution with inductively connected plasma are given in the work. It is shown that there are technogenic microparticles (up to 72.4%) of ecologically significant quantities in atmospheric suspensions of Birobidzhan. The influence of combined heat and power plant and motor transportation junctions on qualitative structure of atmospheric suspensions has been revealed. It is noted that the air in Bastak also contains a significant amount (to 66.3%) of particles up to 10 microns. The analysis of qualitative structure of atmospheric suspensions of Birobidzhan confirms its status as a city with the expressed level of microdimensional pollution of the atmosphere. It is important to note that Birobidzhan negatively influences the structure of the atmospheric suspension of the Reserve Bastak.