Aim. To assess the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal education and family income in Samara. Methods. A survey was conducted among 174 mothers in the children's outpatient clinic, in which their children were assigned at the place of residence. Information on breastfeeding and its duration, mother's education, and family income were obtained by questionnaire and copying data from outpatient records. Pearson's chi-square, MannWhitney U test and logistic regression were used in the statistical processing of the data. Results. There was a positive association of maternal education (2=11.25; p=0.024) and income (2=11.5; p=0.022) with breastfeeding practices. Higher education, compared with specialized secondary or secondary education, increased the likelihood of breastfeeding for more than 6 months with an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.185.73; p=0.018). The median (and its Q1Q3 quartiles) breastfeeding duration was 4.0 months (Q1Q3 2.014.0 months) for mothers with secondary or specialized secondary education and 12.0 months (Q1Q3 4.018.0 months; p=0.012) for mothers with higher education. It was found that 67.7% of women with incomes above the subsistence level per family member ($150) breastfed for more than 7 months and only 43.9% of women with incomes below the subsistence level (p=0.011). The likelihood of breastfeeding for more than 6 months in household income above one minimum wage per family member compared with household income below increases with an odds ratio of 2.18 (95% confidence interval 1.034.60; p=0.041). There was no relationship between lactation cessation and maternal education or family income. Conclusion. There is a positive relationship between mother's education and family income and the practice of breastfeeding.

Objectives -to assess the prevalence of C/T-13910 polymorphism of the lactase gene in the population of children in Samara and to identify the relationship with height, body weight and body mass index. Material and methods. The study included 103 girls aged 3-6 years. Their height and body weight were measured, and buccal samples were taken to genotype lactase activity (determining the C/T-13910 variant). Results. In girls born and living in Samara, the frequency of allele 13910-T was 48.6%. The СС genotype was detected in 51.4%, the СГ genotype in 37.9% and the TT genotype in 10.7%. There was no statistically significant relationship between genotype and body weight and height, but all children with the TT genotype had a height of more than 25 percentiles, the vast majority of overweight and obese girls (91%) had the СС genotype or the CT genotype.

Objective: to study the microbial landscape of the placenta in full-term pregnancy and intact fetal membranes. Materials and methods. 19 pregnant women in the gestational age of 37-41 weeks with intact membranes underwent elective cesarean section at Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov. Their placental tissues were collected and RT-PCR tests for Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp. / Leptotrihia spp. / Fusobacterium spp, Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp. / Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp. / Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobiumvaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum), Candida spp., Mycoplasma henitalium were performed. Results. In case of physiological full-term pregnancy the total bacterial mass can be 103.9-103.7 GE/sample on the placenta, it is a normal variant. Sterile placentas were found in 21.1% of cases. Unknown microorganisms were revealed in 52.6% of cases, they were unidentified by the standard panel Femoflor-16. In other cases Enterobacteriaceae spp. (102.6 GE/sample) were found in the placental tissues in patients with intact fetal membrane. The presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the placental tissues with intact membranes is not typical. Conclusion. RT-PCR test allow to reveal a small amount of bacterial mass in the placental tissue in case of physiological full-term pregnancy, in which the representatives of Enterobacteriaceae spp. are often time detected.