Сахарный диабет (СД) 1 типа – хроническое заболевание, имеющее специфические особенности в каждом возрастном периоде, что следует обязательно учитывать для достижения хороших показателей гликемического контроля. В настоящее время имеется немало публикаций, посвященных вопросам ориентированного перевода пациентов из педиатрической системы медицинского наблюдения во взрослую, при этом большинство из них имеет недостаточную доказательную базу, так как основывается на субъективном мнении экспертов или клиническом опыте конкретного лечебного учреждения. Согласно определению, принятому Society of Adolescent Medicine (Обществу медицины для взрослых пациентов), под термином «transition» (с англ. – «переход») понимается целенаправленный, спланированный и своевременный переход от педиатрической, семейно-ориентированной системы медицинской помощи к взрослой, пациент-центрической. Известно, что некорректный перевод может обернуться выпадением пациента из системы медицинского наблюдения, к тому же ошибки при переводе оказывают отрицательный эффект на общую заболеваемость и летальность у молодых взрослых с СД 1 типа. Так, исследования выявили увеличение частоты как тяжелых гипогликемий, так и диабетического кетоацидоза в первый год после перехода во взрослую сеть. Помимо повышенного риска острых осложнений СД 1 типа, многие авторы связывают переход во взрослую сеть с возрастающей вероятностью появления/прогрессирования хронических осложнений диабета, обусловленных ухудшением метаболического контроля. Для снижения подобных рисков перевод подростков с СД 1 типа во взрослую сеть должен быть своевременным, непрерывным и подготовленным, а необходимость разработки региональных структурированных программ перевода может быть обоснована целью сохранения здоровья и улучшения качества жизни большого числа пациентов. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease with each age period specific features, which should be taken into account for achieving glycemic targets. There are many publications about the transition of patients from pediatric medical system in the adult's service, but most of them still have insufficient evidence based on subjective expert opinion or on clinical centered experience. According to the definition adopted by the Society of Adolescent Medicine, the term «transition» refers to a purposeful, planned and timely transition from a pediatric, family-oriented system of medical care to an «adult», patient-centered system. It is known that incorrect transition can lead to patient's «falling out» of medical supervision system and errors in transition have a negative effect on the overall morbidity and mortality, frequency of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in the first year after the transition to the adult's service in young adults with T1D. In addition to the increased risk of acute complications of T1D, many authors associate the transition with an increasing occurrence/progression of chronic complications of diabetes due to the deterioration of metabolic control. To reduce such risks, the transition of adolescents with T1D to the adult's service should be well-timed, continuous and prepared, and now it's time to develop regional structured transfer programs for preserving health and improving the quality of life for a large number of our patients.
The lung is the most commonly attacked organ in metastatic disease. In many patients who were successfully cured of primary cancer, pulmonary metastases for a long time may be the only, and sometimes the final manifestation of the disease. This kind of dissemination is known as isolated lung metastases. The prognosis for untreated patients with pulmonary metastases is unfavorable: 5-year survival does not exceed 5%. This survey considers the evolution of technologies for the treatment of isolated metastatic lung lesions from surgical metastasectomy to combined methods of high-dose regional chemotherapy.
Городской Диабетологический Центр для детей и подростков ГУЗ ДГП № 44, Cанкт-Петербург DN patients was higher (6.4±1.6, n=10) than in DR group (5.3±1.7, n=9) and controls (5.6±1.8, n=10
Study Objective: To compare glycemia variability (GV), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and time in range in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) with various baseline GV after the change from basal insulin detemir to insulin degludec. Study Design: Non-randomised controlled study. Materials and Methods. We examined 30 children with DM1 aged 5 to 17 years; duration of disease was at least 1 year. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the rate of the coefficient of variability (CV): ≤ 36% — group 1, > 36% — group 2. Time in range, time above range and time below range as well as CV were evaluated on the basis of the standard outpatient glucose profile using glycemia monitoring programme with periodic scanning (flash monitoring) before and after the change of basal insulin. Study Results. After group 2 patients switched from insulin detemir to insulin degludec, we noted increased time in range (from 40.3 ± 11.5% to 62.4 ± 6.7%; р < 0.001), reduced time above range (from 53.7 ± 10.7% to 34.1 ± 6.6%; р < 0.001), CV (from 43.2 ± 5.4% to 37.0 ± 3.3%; р = 0.05), and HbA1c (from 9.4 ± 1.5% to 7.5 ± 0.7%; р < 0.05), with no time below range. Conclusion. In children with DM1 who were treated with basal insulin detemir and had high GV, switching to insulin degludec allows significant improvement of metabolic control without the risk of hypoglycaemia. Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, glycemia variability, degludec, coefficient of variation, time in range.
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