Background: Modern approaches to feeding the children in the first year of life, especially when the artificial formula milk is indicated, necessitate the individual approach to the selection of formula in order to adequately provide the organism with micro-and macronutrients. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of examined formula milk enriched in pro-and prebiotics on growth and development of the children in the first year of life. Patients and methods: The participants of the study were 75 children in the age between 1 and 5 months at the different feeding types. Group I (n = 25) was given a standard adapted formula milk, Group II (n = 24)standard formula milk of the same brand, Group III (n = 26)-breast milk. Results: The study showed that when feeding with the breast milk body weight deficiency was observed in 19.4% of children, while body weight excess-in 15.4% of children. When feeding with the artificial milk, the excessive body weight was observed in 18.4%, while the body weight deficiency was recorded only in 12.2% of children. The analysis of examination results of children in the first year of life on the different feeding types showed the positive effect of the adapted formula milk on the health and development indices: the number of children with optimal physical and neuropsychic development has grown (from 72 to 88%), the functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract has recovered (posseting has reduced from 88 to 16% cases, flatulence-from 36 to 4%, intestinal constipation-from 60 to 4%, stool disorders-from 36 to 4%). Conclusion: The examined adapted formula milk can be successfully used in children in the first year of life when breast feeding is impossible.

Background. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes of SCAD patients initially managed with medical therapy (conservative approach) versus intervention strategy. Materials and methods. We identified relevant studies by performing a systematic search in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science databases available from 1994 until 2021. The search was conducted using PICO tool (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). Results and Discussion. 25 studies involving 2577 patients with SCAD were included. Mean age of patients was 49,2 years, 1985 (77,0 %) were female. The primary conservative strategy performed in 1593 (61,8 %) cases. Mean follow-up duration was 28,5 months. The conservative therapy showed benefit when assessing the overall mortality (OR 0,48; CI 0,27–0,86, p = 0,01) and revascularization frequency (OR 0,43; 95 % CI 0,22–0,81, p = 0.01). Statistically significant differences in myocardial infarction (OR 1,05; 95 % CI 0,66–1,66, p = 0,85) or recurrent SCAD (OR 1,1; 95 % CI 0,7–1,72, p = 0,69) were not revealed. Conclusion. The primary conservative strategy of SCAD therapy is associated with lower overall mortality and further revascularization, but not MI and recurrent SCAD. Further research is needed to clarify the best therapeutic approach in patients with SCAD.

Objective. To determine the relationship between metabolic parameters and cytological characteristics of the buccal mucosa in obese children. Patients and methods. An open cross-sectional case-control study included 78 schoolchildren aged 9 to 15 years, 44 of them were obese. We determined body mass index, lipid metabolism parameters (total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins), and also cytological characteristics of buccal epithelial cells. Results. The number of buccal epithelial cells with condensed chromatin was by 10 times higher in obese children. A correlation was found between cholesterol concentrations and certain cytological parameters, but this correlation was statistically significant only in the pair “cholesterol – number of binucleated cells” (correlation coefficient 0.925, p = 0.05) in obese children and in the pair “total protein – binucleated cells” in practically healthy children. Conclusion. We confirmed the known data about specific characteristics of lipid metabolism in obese children that correlate with certain cytological parameters of the buccal mucosa, namely, an increased number of cells with chromatin condensation. This phenomenon is suggestive of activation of apoptosis in obese children. Keywords: buccal epithelial cells, obesity, schoolchildren, cholesterol

Introduction. The first year of life of a child, especially the first six months, is characterized by high rates of growth and development. The influence of the nature of feeding and nutrition is one of the factors determining the harmony of development, the formation of immunological reactivity and resistance to infectious diseases.The aim of the study was to assess the provision of micronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium) to nursing women and to determine their impact on the physical and neuropsychological development of children in the first six months of life.Materials and methods Babies aged 5 days to 6 months and their nursing mothers (n = 53) were prospectively followed up. Anamnestic data, objective examination, evaluation of physical and neuropsychological development, determination of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in the blood serum of nursing mothers, and determination of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D in breast milk were studied.Results The indicators of physical development in most of the examined children were within ±2 sigma deviations (SD). In the evaluation of neuropsychological development, Group I children predominated. We found calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D deficiency in breast milk samples (52.8 %; 5.6 %; 17.0 %; 7.7 %, respectively).Discussion Calcium deficiency in natal milk affects the formation of delayed neuropsychological development of the child, the development of subacute rickets, atopic dermatitis. When breast milk with high phosphorus content is fed, the child's body weight increases. However, the higher the level of magnesium in mother's milk, the lower the z-score on body weight / length and BMI / age in children. Low levels of magnesium in breast milk lead to the development of atopic dermatitis and greater susceptibility of the child to respiratory infections.Conclusion Inadequate provision of micronutrients to a nursing woman and the identified deviations in the child's health status dictate the need to introduce the monitoring of the actual nutrition of a nursing woman and the assessment of her nutritional status in order to prevent deviations in the health status of the child into outpatient visits of a district pediatrician.

No abstract