Next generation sequencing is used to determine full-length sequences of HLA genes at the 4-field (allelic) resolution. The study was aimed at determining frequency and diversity of HLA alleles in a cohort of blood donors from the Registry of the National Research Center for Hematology who design ated themselves as Russians (including some not routinely typed variations in HLA gene regions). The studied population consisted of 1510 donors. HLA typing was performed by next generation sequencing. Libraries were performed with AllType NGS Amplification Kits (One Lambda, USA) and sequenced using MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Data analysis used the TypeStream Visual Software V2.0.0.68 (One Lambda, USA) and IPD-IMGT/HLA database 3.40.0.1. Arlequin 3.5 software was used for estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 82 HLA-A, 156 HLA-В and 85 HLA-С alleles were identified with four-field resolution. 45 HLA-DRB1 and 18 HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified with 2-3-field resolution. Considerable HLA diversity was found among the donors self-designated as Russians: the population had large numbers of distinct alleles at each HLA gene, high percentage of alleles (25-32% of HLA class I) were revealed only once. Sufficient numbers of new alleles were registered which are absent in the IPD-IMGT/HLA database. Considerable allelic diversity in Russian population is due to low-incidence alleles. Despite this diversity, the majority of HLA alleles detected at each locus were common. Significant HLA diversity of the donors was connected with a large number of alleles with rare occurrence. The novel alleles identified in our study differed from the known alleles by single nucleotide substitutions. The most common alleles at the four-field level were as follows: A*02:01:01:01 (27.1%), C*07:02:01:03 (13.1%), A*03:01:01:01 (13.0%), B*07:02:01:01 (13.0%), A*01:01:01:01 (11.6%) and C*07:01:01:01/16 (10.4%). The HLA alleles, which are common for Russian populations, are not always common or well-documented alleles in present catalogues. The data obtained in this study may be used as a reference sample for estimation of HLA allele frequencies in Russian population, for proper frequency evaluation of specific alleles when searching donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as for association studies between HLA alleles and different diseases, and for research in population genetics.

What keeps regular blood donors coming back, despite the inconvenience and discomfort, thereby maintaining the community's blood supply? We approached 494 people waiting to give blood, 229 Americans and 265 Russians, with a survey that assessed their motivations to donate, their contextual emotions, and their future donation intentions. The Russian sample was older, and many were regulars at the donation centre. The U.S. sample was younger, attending a 3‐day college blood drive. Multigroup path analysis results showed that, as hypothesised, in both samples, autonomous donation motivations predicted contextual emotions and future donation intentions. Furthermore, contextual emotions partially mediated the motivation‐to‐future intentions effect. Small differences in results for the two samples, as well as differences in the two national systems for maintaining blood supplies, are discussed.

Introduction In most cases, haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) with negative depletion of α/β(+) T cells and CD19+ B lymphocytes from the graft is used to treat pediatric patients. The results are promising. However, the results of this method in adult patients is controversial. The accumulation of experience in haplo-HSCT with TCRαβ / CD19 + depletion in the group of adult patients is relevant. Aim Evaluation of the effectiveness and characterization of the most frequent complications in adult patients with hematological malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT from a haploidentical donor with depletion of TCRαβ/CD19 + cells. Patients and methods The analysis included 32 patients (14 males/18 females) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n=12), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n=11), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 6), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 1), primary myelofibrosis (PMF, n = 1), lymphoproliferative disease (LPD, n = 1). Median age was 28 years (range, 17-58). Disease status of acute leukemia at the beginning of pre-transplant conditioning was first complete remission (CR1) in 14 patients, CR2 in 7 and active disease in 2 patients. Pre-transplant conditioning regimen: RIC (Treosulfan 42 g/m2, Melphalan 140 mg/m2, Fludarabine 150mg/m2), MAC (Treosulfan 42 g / m2, Thiophosphamide 10 mg / kg, Fludarabine 150 mg / m2). Immunosuppressive therapy: Rituximab, Bortezomib, Tocilizumab, Abatacept. Immunomagnetic separation was performed using a CliniMACS Plus device. Descriptive statistics methods were used for analysis. The probabilities of survival and graft versus host disease (GVHD) rate were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Log of TCRαβ + depletion was 1.61-5.33 (Me = 3.66). The median dose of CD34+ cells in transplant was 6.8 * 106/kg (range, 2.0-10.8). The median time to white blood cells recovery was +13 days after haplo-HSCT (range, 9-26). Median follow-up was 6.4 months. Transplant related mortality was 3.1%. Primary engraftment - 96.8%. Graft hypofunction - 16.2%. The probabilities of overall and disease-free survival for 12 months were 94.1% and 70,5%, respectively. The probability of relapse was 24.4% (Fig. 1). The probability of developing acute GVHD was 25%, GVHD rate was 18,75% including grade I (n=1), grade II (n=2), grade III (n=3) (data not shown). In 4 cases complete response was achieved with administration of first line immunosuppression therapy. 1 case (grade III GVHD) required administration of second line immunosuppression therapy - methylprednisolone, and the response was complete. 1 patient developed chronic GVHD. Nonclassical infectious complications prevail: viral infections (CMV, HHV6 and EBV) was 58.8%, fever with an unverified infectious agent was 15.6%, and tuberculosis in two cases (6.2%). Immunological events not associated with GVHD - 21.8% (TMA, TTP, myasthenia gravis, AIHA, PRCA). Conclusion In some cases, haplo-HSCT is the only HSCT option for an adult patient. The frequency of viral infectious complications and relapses in adult patients after haplo-HSCT TCRαβ / CD19 + depletion is comparable to the results in the pediatric population. Haplo-HSCT with TCRαβ / CD19 + depletion is characterized by minimal toxicity and a short period of myelotoxic agranulocytosis. Among the undesirable phenomena in the first place are infectious complications and frequent immunological events that do not fit into the criteria for GVHD, but affect the patient's quality of life and length of hospital stay. Figure 1 Disclosures Maschan: Miltenyi Biotec: Other: lecture fee.

Anemia is a frequent systemic complication and extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Despite significant progress in IBD treatment, late diagnosis and insufficient correction of concomitant anemia remain a problem in routine clinical practice. The review describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of IBD-associated anemia, such as iron deficiency, chronic inflammation (anemia of chronic disease) and B9 and B12 deficiencies. The authors highlight the main diagnostic principles of these conditions, present the strategy for their differential diagnosis, describe the state-of-theart approaches to the correction of iron-deficient anemia in IBD, and delineate the role of oral and parenteral medications for replacement therapy. Optimal treatment goals and prevention methods of an iron-deficient condition are given. Special attention is focused on the principles on red cell mass transfusions in acute massive blood loss. The authors describe the main differentiating features of anemia of chronic disease and its treatment in IBD patients with various grades of the inflammation. The paper contains the indications and treatment regimens for B12 and foliate-deficient anemia with consideration of the IBD course. The authors of the article are members of the Working Group of the Russian Society on the study of IBD and believe that the literature analysis performed would allow for its use to issue the Russian clinical guidelines on the management of patients with anemia in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Introduction. Cryosupernatant is blood component. Cryosupernatant is the supernatant plasma removed during the preparation of cryoprecipitate. Aim. To provide information on the composition and methods of production, storage, transportation and clinical use of Cryosupernatant. General fi ndings. In comparison with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate, Cryosupernatant plasma is depleted in factor VIII, fi brinogen factor von Willebrand (VWF). Cryosupernatant is defi cient in high molecular weight multimers of VWF, but contains VWF metalloproteinase. The concentrations of factor V, antithrombin III, albumin and immunoglobulins are the same as in FFP and cryoprecipitate. The indications for Cryosupernatant transfusions are massive blood loss in patients with factor VIII inhibitor, plasma exchange in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. For children the doses of Cryosupernatant should be 10-15 mL/kg.