The study aimed to assess the needs and options for salivation management in children treated with antileukemic chemotherapy. In a preliminary cross-sectional study the saliva flow rate and viscosity were evaluated in 75 leukemic children that received chemotherapy with methotrexate in low dose (44 people, 44 episode, group 1), or in high-dose (31 people, 42 episode, group 2), and in 25 healthy children (group 3). Then, 26 children were randomly divided into two groups in the 70 episodes course of high-dosed chemotherapy, and received acetylcysteine (A) or only standard oral management (S) for 1-10 day of treatment. Parameters of salivation and children performance (Lansky et al.) were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for analysis. In group 1, 2 and 3 the flow rate (Me [LQ/HQ]) was 0.5 [0.3; 0.8]; 0.9 [0.6; 1.2] and 0.5 [0.3; 0.6] ml/min respectively (p1-3>0.05; p<0.01; p1-2<0.05). Viscosity levels in group 1, 2 and 3 were 2.75 [3.67; 3.67], 10.05 [5.3; 26.0] and 3.9 [2.7; 6.5] unites respectively (p1-3>0.05; p2, 3<0.01; p1, 2<0.01). In group A and S the flow rate was 2.7 [0.5; 4.1] and 0.4 [0.1; 2.2] ml/min (р<0.05); viscosity was 1.5 [1.2; 4.1] and 6.4 [5.3; 8.1] unites (р<0.001), performance Lansky index was 80 [65; 90] and 70 [60; 80] (р<0.01) respectively. Salivation dysfunction complicates the chemotherapy with high-dosed methotrexate in children: it is indicated by high viscosity combined with elevated flow rate. Acetylcysteine normalizes saliva viscosity and improves children's performance.

A nidus of fluorosis was revealed in Mogilev region, the reason is high content of fluoride in local water ([F] = 5,5mg/l). The source of water lies 169m deep, the water supplies the system that has been serving one of the village streets for the last 29 years. All of the 12 teenagers living in the street since early childhood have teeth impacted with fluorosis, from mild (45,5%) to moderate (36,4%) to greater forms (18,2%). The prevalence of dental caries among the teenagers is significantly lower than among those living in fluoride deficit areas. Their day urine contains a very high level of F ([F] = 4,3mg/l), which should be interpreted as a marker of a high actual F intake. Changing the water source was suggested, as well as special activities to rehabilitate inhabitants’ health condition, and temporal limitation in use of F-containing caries prevention applications.

No abstract

Пандемический характер вызываемой вирусами простого герпеса (ВПГ) пожизненной инфекции, широкий диапазон патогенных эффектов ВПГ в организме человека, риск тяжелого течения первичной и рецидивирующей ВПГ-инфекции при недостаточной иммунной защите пациента требуют от каждого врача компетентности в области герпетической инфекции. В публикации приведены базовые и современные сведения о ВПГ-инфекции с акцентом на ее проявлениях в полости рта у детей и взрослых из общей популяции и с выраженным иммунодефицитом. Цель работы – обновить и систематизировать знания врачей-стоматологов о патогенезе первичной и хронической ВПГ-инфекции, ее оральных и системных признаках, об особенностях клинической и лабораторной диагностики ВПГ-патологии с проявлениями в полости рта, а также о стратегии и тактике лечения пациентов с герпетическим поражением слизистой оболочки полости рта и красной каймы губ на основе принципов доказательной медицины и действующих в Республике Беларусь клинических протоколов, а также о доступных в настоящее время мерах профилактики распространения ВПГ I и ВПГ II. The pandemic nature of lifelong infection caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV), a wide range of pathogenic effects of HSV in the human, the risk of a severe course of primary and recurrent HSV infection with insufficient patient’s immune defense require every doctor to have confident competence in the field of herpes infection. The publication provides basic and current information about HSV infection with an emphasis on its manifestations in the oral cavity in children and adults from the general population and with severe immunodeficiency. The purpose of the work is to update and systematize the knowledge of dentists on the pathogenesis of primary and chronic HSV infection, its oral and systemic signs, on the features of clinical and laboratory diagnosis of HSV pathology with manifestations in the oral cavity, as well as on the strategy and tactics of treating patients with herpes simplex. lesions of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and clinical protocols in force in the Republic of Belarus, as well as the currently available measures to prevent the spread of HSV I and HSV II.