In article on the basis of theories of innovations and competitiveness the upward wave of a big cycle is preceded by activization of scientific discoveries, significant technical inventions and their implementation in production develops. The necessity of using the potential of the institutional environment of the Russian society on the formation of new institutions of development as a factor of increase of system effectiveness of economic security. It is proved that innovative transformation of economy demands increase in the state support of innovative institutes and the corresponding infrastructure of the institutional environment. Proposed to strengthen the innovative capacity of the country through the use of the potential of new institutes of development and the venture capital, which plays a system role in economy by continuous timely supply of innovations with necessary investments.Keywords: economic security, institutional environment, new institutes of development, modernization of economy, innovative type of economic development, intellectual capital