Aim. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of aerobic high-intensity interval training and constant moderate intensity training in cardiac rehabilitation of adult patients after open-heart surgery, namely after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and methods. 137 patients after CABG were included in the study. 90.4% of patients were consider as class I of chronic heart failure after surgery. Cardiorespiratory trainings were initiate in 4 weeks after surgery, using cycling by veloergometers. Two groups were compare according to rehabilitation programs: one carried out constant aerobic trainings of moderate and medium intensity, and the other, aerobic high-intensity interval trainings. Supervised trainings were carry out for 150 minutes per week. Total length of trainings was 47 weeks. Long-term trainings were distantly monitore. Results. Ergospirometric results as well as results of echocardiography were significantly improve after training course. These results were more significant in high-intensity interval training group, compared to moderate intensity-training group. VO2, heart rate and training power significantly improved. Body mass index significantly diminished in high-intensity interval training group, compared to moderate intensity-training group. In 7 weeks after training ominously decreased blood triglycerides and increased high-density lipoproteins. Conclusion. Cardiorespiratory trainings ameliorate mitochondrial biogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, promote to reduce abdominal obesity and other crucial risk factors of coronary patients. Aerobic high-intensity interval cardiac trainings are as safe as moderate intensity cardiac trainings, and in some issues, they outperform moderate intensity cardiac trainings.

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Background High-intensity interval training is emerging as a potential time efficient strategy in contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. According to current guidelines 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week is reduced by half to 75 minutes if the week's activity is done at a vigorous intensity. Objective: The main goal of our study was to assess and compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) within cardiac rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Sixty three patients (48 male, 15 female, at the mean age of 57±12 years) after coronary artery bypass grafting were recruited into exercise training program on cycle ergometer. The training course started 2 weeks after surgery, lasted 4 weeks and then continued in an outpatient care after 3–6 months. MICT was considered as 50% to 75% of VO2 max (maximal oxygen consumption) or 50–75% of heart rate reserve, while HIIT was considered as ≥85% of VO2 max or ≥85% of heart rate reserve. Training protocols included constant load and ramp interval programs. Control group comprised 40 patients without exercise training program. The safety of HIIT/MICT was the primary end point in our study. Secondary end-points included body mass index, echo and hemodynamic parameters, NT-proBNP and HbA1c levels along with standard cardiorespiratory fitness indicators. Results Significant increase in anaerobic threshold (by 16.9%), VO2 max (by 18.6%) and tolerance of physical load in MET (by 6.4%) were mentioned in study groups compared to equivalent measurements in control group (9.7%, 7.9% and 5.4% correspondingly). Substantial changes were also observed in following variables compared to control group: body mass index reduced (p=0.0032), end diastolic diameter decreased (p=0.0315), LV ejection fraction improved (p=0.045), NT-proBNP reduced (p=0.0015) and HbA1c improved (p=0.023). While analyzing aerobic capacity alterations due to HIIT versus MICT by standardized mean difference (95% CI), HIIT was significantly superior to MICT. Aerobic capacity covered VO2 max (ml/kg/min), anaerobic threshold (%), work rate (Wt) and EQo2=VE/Vo2. Conclusions High-intensity interval training proved to be as safe as a moderate-intensity training in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. It appeared to be significantly superior to moderate-intensity continuous training in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Obtained results allow implementing aerobic interval training individually after open-heart surgery and shorten rehabilitation period.

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