Аннотация. Изучены содержание активных форм кислорода (АФК), активность ферментов аскорбат-глутатионового цикла, проанализировано количество низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов: аскорбата и глутатиона, активность фенольной пероксидазы, содержание водорастворимых фенолов и уровень экспрессии гена маркера гиперчувствительного ответа (HSR) и генов PR-белков (Chit, Glu и TLP) в рассаде картофеля, выращенной на ионо обменном субстрате в присутствии жасмоновой кислоты (ЖК) в концентрациях 10-8 и 10-6 М, при заражении Х-вирусом картофеля (ХВК). Показано накопление АФК, увеличение содержания восстановленного аскорбата и интенсивное потребление восстановленного глутатиона в рассаде картофеля под действием ЖК, а также резкое усиление экспресcии генов HSR, Chit, Glu и TLP в листьях рассады картофеля, выращиваемой на субстрате с добавлением 10-6 М ЖК, до заражения ХВК. В контрольных растениях уровень экспрессии генов HSR и TLP увеличивался только после заражения ХВК. Ключевые слова: Solanum tuberosum, картофель, PR-белки, индуцированная устойчивость, Х-вирус картофеля, защитная система, активные формы кислорода, жасмоновая кислота Для цитирования: Влияние экзогенной жасмоновой кислоты на функционирование защитной системы рассады картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) при выращивании на искусственном ионообменном субстрате и заражении X-вирусом картофеля / Е. В. Вязов [и др.] // Вес. Нац. aкад. навук Беларусі.

The effect of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the activity of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), the expression of the dfr gene and the hy5 gene of the transcription factor Hy5 and the light effect of different intensities in combination with the ALA action on the accumulation of anthocyanins in cotyledonous leaves of winter rape (Brassica napus L.) were studied. It was shown that the stimulation of the accumulation of anthocyanins under the exogenous ALA action at the molecular level was provided by increasing the expression level of the dfr and hy5 genes and the activity of the DFR enzyme. Increasing the light intensity from 40.5 to 66.2 μmol photons/m2·s enhanced the ability of plants to accumulate anthocyanins on average by 35 %. The ALA action at concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L led to an additional increase in the accumulation of anthocyanins at the two used levels of illumination, and in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulating effect of ALA under high light intensity was much higher than in the case of lower illumination. Thus, the stimulation of the anthocyanin accumulation under illumination of 40.5 μmol photons/m2·s was 106 % when using 50 mg/L ALA, 165 % – when using 100 mg/L ALA, 222 % – in the case of 150 mg/L ALA and 350 % – under the action of 200 mg/L ALA compared with light control without of ALA treatment. At an illumination of 66.2 μmol photons/m2·s, these indicators were 164, 262, 359 and 583 % respectively. Thus, it was demonstrated that the stimulation of the accumulation of anthocyanins under the action of ALA in winter rape plants was due to its positive effect on the transcription of the dfr and hy5 genes at the molecular level.

Phenotyping is a modern technology that allows registering and analyzing data about living systems phenotypes in automatic mode. In recent years a high-efficiency higher plants phenotyping with the aim of deep study of the physiological and biochemical bases of their functioning, as well as selection of new high-yielding and stress-resistant varieties has acquired significant development. It is based on adaptation and introduction of modern information approaches such as algorithms of «computer vision» and allows receiving detailed information about plants phenomes at various organization levels. One of the unreached research sections in this field is tree plant cuttings phenotyping, which represents a great practical interest. In this work the system of phenotyping of green stem cuttings of woody plants Thuja occidentalis L. (Smaragd), Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Blue Arrow), Picea Abies L., H. Karst. was developed using machine vision algorithms and spectral analysis. A modular phenomics complex was created. It consist of phenomics box, plant cultivation system, lighting and watering systems, as well as system of registration and processing of RGB-images, including software. This complex has been tested in the laboratory and in field conditions. The initial testing of the phenomics complex was carried out. It showed that the data of changes in the pixel distribution of RGB-images by wavelengths can be the basis for estimating the size and physiological state of stem cuttings of woody plants. It was shown that the shift of the spectral curve of the reflected light into the long-wave area under the influence of water deficit allows to non-invasive and statistically reliably register the death of some cells. At the same time, statistically reliable distinctions have not been revealed at testing of influence of phytohormones (auxins and brassinosteroids) on rooting of stem cuttings of coniferous species. The obtained results have a fundamental practical significance and can be used in the research of physiological processes in higher plants, ornamental crop production and forestry.