Carotid stenosis is a multidisciplinary problem that requires the involvement of a specialists’ team, including cardiovascular surgeons, neurosurgeons, endovascular surgeons, cardiologists, neurologists, and internists. In this consensus statement, a group of experts considered the main stages of diagnosing carotid stenosis, as well as discussed, the necessary prevention methods and features of choosing the optimal treatment approach. The aim was to provide concise and structured information on the management of patients with carotid stenosis. This document was developed based on the updated clinical guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Association for Vascular Surgery, taking into account the consensus opinion of Russian experts.

<p>This article presents a successful clinical case of the endovascular treatment of stenosis of the right internal carotid artery through the left radial access in a patient with multifocal atherosclerosis with the occlusion of both iliac arteries and the right radial artery. Transfemoral access is the conventional access route for carotid stenting. However, this may be problematic because of peripheral vascular disease and numerous anatomical variations of the aortic arch and cervical arteries. Bleeding in the puncture area is the most common complication after carotid artery stenting (CAS) via transfemoral access. The elimination of such complications has been well demonstrated via transradial access in patients undergoing coronary interventions. Thus, transradial access has been evaluated as an alternative strategy for carotid stenting. Currently, the CAS procedure is a fairly routine practice in many centres involved in the treatment of this pathology; however, a small percentage of patients who are contraindicated in carotid endarterectomy who lack standard puncture access to the arteries and have a complex anatomy of the brachiocephalic arteries still remain. In such cases, the question regarding the feasibility of the CAS procedure using non-standard puncture approaches and various techniques for the catheterisation of the brachiocephalic arteries remains relevant. In this case, the left radial access and the Catheter Looping and Retrograde Engagement Technique were used for the catheterisation of the right common carotid artery because of the anatomical features, the patient’s refusal toward carotid endarterectomy, and the lack of standard access (femoral and right radial). A distal protection system was used for the brain.</p><p>Received 18 July 2019. Revised 15 August 2019. Accepted 19 August 2019.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong><br />Operator: R.R. Khafizov <br />Collection and processing of material: R.R. Khafizov, I.A. Idrisov<br />Writing original draft: R.R. Khafizov<br />Editing: E.E. Abkhalikova, T.N. Khafizov</p>

Conclusions:In our real-world practice, reasonable results were obtained concerning minor periprocedural stroke rates. The higher minor stroke rates in CAS procedures are according to other literature. With no periprocedural major stroke or death, a good result was obtained. Even in the specific Belgian situation, acceptable results can be obtained with a CAS procedure in a high-risk population for CEA.

Aim. To analyze the efficacy and safety of the percutaneous transfemoral puncture technique for TEVAR (thoracis endovascular aortic repair).Material and methods. The retrospective study included 89 patients with aortic pathologies, for whom endovascular repair was performed: 51 patients (57%) with aortic dissection (type I DeBakey — 30 cases (58,8%) and type III — 21 (41,2%)), 38 (43%) patients with aortic aneurism. 82% of patients were male, the median age was 57 years (minimum age 17 years, maximum age 75 years). All patients were divided into two groups: in the first group (48 patients) endovascular aortic repair was performed under endotracheal anesthesia with open femoral exposure of the common femoral artery (CFA), in the second group (41 patients) — by percutaneous puncture method under local anesthesia. Technical and clinical aspects of procedures were analyzed.Results. Technical success of endovascular repair was achieved in 100% cases in both groups. The duration of the operation in the group with percutaneous access was statically significantly shorter (120 (94-150) minutes vs 87(60-120) minutes, p=0,001). Also, the time spent by patients in the intensive care unit and the period of hospitalization (18 (14-22) hours versus 1 (0-3) hours, p=0,001; 5 (4-6) days versus 4 (3-5) days, p=0,03) was shorter. In the open access group 2 (4,2%) patients developed access-related complications - acute thrombosis of the common femoral artery and hematoma of the postoperative wound, which required additional surgical aid - thrombectomy from the CFA, the second patient had evacuation of the hematoma of the postoperative wound. Cite-related complications in the second group were not observed. No major complications including neurological deficits and hospital mortality were observed in both groups.Conclusions. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) using percutaneous access under local anesthesia in stable patients has proven to be safe and effective. The operation time is significantly reduced and this approach in most cases eliminates the need for the patient to stay in the intensive care unit in the early postoperative period. Possibility of early mobilization of the patient appears with reducing of the duration of hospitalization.

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