The progress in organic electronics is closely related to the development of new materials. This study reports the syntheses of hitherto unknown (co)polymers based on aniline and its ortho-substituted derivative, 2-(1-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)aniline. Electric conductivity, morphology, solubility, electrochemical properties, spectral and thermal characteristics of all the specimens have been studied. A comparative analysis with polyaniline has been performed, and a possible practical usage in resistive-type moisture sensors has been shown. It has been found that as the content of the substituted monomer units in the (co)polymers grows, the solubility, photoluminescence, and sensitivity of moisture sensors are enhanced. The employment of the (co)polymers obtained as an active material in moisture sensors has shown that the electric conductivity is highly sensitive to changes in ambient moisture. This study has shown that copolymerization of aniline with its ortho-substituted derivatives is an efficient technique to modify PANI that allows one to enhance the process characteristics of the resulting materials.
In this work, the authors describe the oxidative polymerization of aniline under the action of ammonium persulfate in the presence of sulfur particles obtained by different methods. It is known from literature that polyaniline (PANI) is one of the promising candidates from the family of conjugated polymers due to its electrical, electrochemical and optical properties, as well as due to its excellent stability in the environment. In addition, many works are devoted to the synthesis of PANI with various practically significant components. In this regard, in this work, a composite material based on electrically conductive PANI and sulfur particles was obtained, and its main physicochemical characteristics were studied. The main reason for the demand for a composite material is the possibility of its use in lithium-sulfur batteries, which can prevent some of the problems associated with the use of a sulfur cathode, such as the electrically insulating nature of sulfur, the volumetric expansion of sulfur and the solubility of polysulfide particles. With the use of IR, UV-visible spectral methods and elemental analysis, it was found that application of nanosized sulfur in the polymerization of aniline does not lead to a significant change in the structure of the polymer. It is assumed that the production of such composites will solve some of the problems of lithium-sulfur batteries caused by the nature of sulfur.
The influence of the morphology of polyaniline derivatives on the electrical conductivity, sensory sensitivity to air humidity of thin-film structures based on them, and the reaction to ammonia vapors has been investigated. Aniline derivatives, as well as polymers based on them, poly-2-[(2E)-1-methyl-2-butene-1-yl]aniline and poly-2-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl), were synthesized. Using a scanning electron microscope, the morphology of the surface of thin films obtained from a solution of synthesized polymers by centrifugation on sitall substrates was studied. Studying the nature of morphology is extremely important when creating sensory devices. On the basis of these polymers, samples of resistive thin-film structures were prepared, the dependence of their electrical conductivity on the relative humidity of the air and the dependence of the current passing through the sample with a change in the concentration of ammonia vapors were measured. The influence of the morphology of the surface of the films on the sensitivity of sensors to air humidity has been experimentally revealed and the prospects of using the studied films in humidity sensors have been shown. According to the experimental data, it can be seen that poly-2-[(2E)-1-methyl-2-butene-1-yl] aniline film has the highest conductivity at the same values of relative humidity.
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