No abstract

In most countries of the world, infectious diseases of bees are an important problem for beekeeping, as they lead to a decrease and decrease in the number of bee colonies, a negative impact on the environment, a decrease in the yield of entomophilic crops and the overall productivity of the industry as a whole. According to data from statistical reporting and scientific publications, American and European flocks, ascospheros are registered in apiaries almost all over the world: in Western and Eastern Europe, North and Central America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Africa, in the CIS countries. The change in the epizootic situation in bee-keeping is associated with the widespread spread of the varioise invasion, which causes a steady increase in the incidence of bee infestation by infectious diseases, so the effect of this invasion on the intensity of the epizootic process requires constant monitoring research. Among the topical tasks of the veterinary support of the beekeeping industry in the improvement of the system of antiepizootic measures, the differential diagnosis of infectious diseases of the breeding pedigree in the mixed forms of their manifestation was very important. The difficulty in making the correct diagnosis in mixed forms of the course of infectious diseases leads to inadequate and untimely conduct of treatment and preventive measures, and as a consequence, to the weakening and death of bees. In this regard, the development of an epizootiological monitoring system aimed at recording and evaluating changes in the epizootic state of apiaries, the identification of sources and reservoirs of pathogens, the motive forces of the epizootic process and the forms of the disease, and the organization of a system of effective preventive, medical and veterinary-sanitary measures on the apiaries. In the period of economic transformations in the agrarian-industrial complex there was a lack of breeding of beekeeping farms and apiaries, a system of management of the industry and a form of ownership changed, all this created a qualitatively new environment of the bee colony and contributed to the evolution of the epizootic process in infectious diseases – the development of mixed infections. In connection with this, there was a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance in beekeepers and to introduce a more effective comprehensive system of measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of the breeding bee, in particular, American rot, varrosis and other contagious diseases of bees.

The purpose of the work was to study the antimicrobial activity of 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio) acetic acid salts by "hanging drop" and "serial dilution" methods in broth (limiting concentration option) and establish some patterns of "structure-action" depending.Materials and methods. The objects of research were 9 new compounds of 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio) acetic acid salts. These compounds are the crystal substances which are odorless, soluble in water and organic solvents. To achieve a more objective picture of the research we applied two methods: "hanging drop" and "serial dilution" in broth (limiting concentration option). To study the effectiveness of substances we used the test cultures of E. coli, Salmonella typhymurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, P. aeruginosa.Results and discussion. In the study we have found that 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio) acetic acid salts can differently inhibit the growth of test cultures. The results show that the data obtained by two methods correlated with each other. Thus, the 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio) acetic acid salts are active against most strains of E. coli. and Salmonella typhymurium. Analyzing the impact of 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio) acetic acid salts we have noted that the replacement of the phenyl radical (PKR-135, 139) on the free amino group at N4 nitrogen of 1,2,4-triazole cycle (PKR-173, 177) leads to the disappearance of antimicrobial activity against the studied strains. It was established that the transition from morfolin cation (PKR-133) to the piperydyn cation (PKR-134) in the molecules of 2-((4-phenyl-3-(morfolinometylen)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl) thio) acetic acid is accompanied by a signifi cant increase in antimicrobial effect. It was interesting that among all the cations in the molecules of 2-((4-amino-3-(morfolinometylen)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl) thio) acetic acid salt 174, 177, 234) only the presence of sodium cation (PKR-174) leads to a pronounced antimicrobial effect against studied strains.Conclusions. The study had found that the most effective in relation to the main groups of pathogenic bacteria are substances PKR-134, 135, 136, 139 and 174. Certain regularities based on "structure-action" have been established, this information can be integrated into future targeted search of substances with antimicrobial properties. Дослідження протимікробної дії солей 2-((4-R-3-(морфолінометилен)-4H-1,2,4-тріазол-5-іл)тіо)ацетатних кислот Р. О. Щербина, О. І. Панасенко, Є. Г. Книш, Г. А. Фотіна, Є. В. Ващик, Т. І. ФотінаМета роботи -дослідження протимікробної дії солей 2-((4-R-3-(морфолінометилен)-4H-1,2,4-тріазол-5-іл)тіо)ацетатних кислот методами «стікаючої краплі» та «серійних розведень» у бульйоні (варіант граничної концентрації), встановлення деяких закономір-ностей залежності «структура -дія».Матеріали та методи. Об'єктами досліджень були 9 нових сполук солей 2-((4-R-3-(морфолінометилен)-4H-1...

Concrete floors are most commonly used in animal housing. However, the specific environment of livestock buildings (moisture, urine, disinfectants) has a negative effect on concrete and leads to its corrosion. The influence of chemical and physical factors on concrete is reinforced by the development of microorganisms, which quickly adapt and use concrete as a living environment. To reduce the influence of an aggressive environment on the concrete floor, an experimental mixture of dry disinfectants was proposed. The components of the disinfection mixture have been selected taking into account the safety for animals and humans. The TPD-MS method was used to determine the change in the chemical composition of concrete. To study the microstructure of concrete, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used. Microbiological studies revealed bacteria A. Thiooxidans, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. Сholeraesuis, C. Perfringen and micromycetes of the genus Cladosporium, Fusariums, Aspergillus, which contribute to the development of biological corrosion of concrete in livestock buildings. The fact of the negative impact of concentrated disinfectants on the structure of concrete was also established. As a result of the studies carried out, it was proved that a mixture of dry components for disinfection exhibits antimicrobial properties to varying degrees to the strains of field isolates of bacteria and fungi isolated in a pig-breeding farm. It was found that when using the proposed mixture of dry disinfectants in the research room of the pigsty, the relative humidity decreases by 38.5 %; ammonia content – by 46.2 %; hydrogen sulfide – by 57.8 %; microbial bodies – by 74.7 %, compared with the control room. It has been experimentally proven that the proposed mixture of dry disinfecting components has hygroscopic and antimicrobial properties and is promising for use in livestock farms.

The results of the effect of feeding the chelated form of Zinc on the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broiler chickens are presented. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broilers on the background of feeding chelated form of Zinc. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2020 on broiler chickens cross Cobb-500 in the vivarium of the Veterinary Faculty of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine), divided into two groups on the principle of analogues (control and experimental) of 50 broilers each. The source of zinc for chickens in the control group was their sulfates. Chelated forms of Zinc were used for broiler chickens of the experimental group. All groups of broiler chickens were administered the compound with compound feed in a dose that corresponded to the daily requirement of the bird in this trace element. The duration of the experiment is 42 days. The growth and development of broilers were evaluated on the basis of determining the relevant zootechnical indicators. Live weight of birds was determined by individual weighing on scales of the VNC type with an accuracy of ±1 g at the age of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. Both scientific and economic experiments also determined the preservation of livestock - daily by the number of culled and dead birds. Feed consumption was recorded daily, for each week of cultivation and for the entire period of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the cost of feed per 1 kg of live gained weight was calculated. Results. According to the results of the conducted researches, it was established that feeding of the chelated form of Zinc probably increased both the average daily gain and the total live weight of broiler chickens at different age periods of rearing. The live weight of chickens at the beginning of the experiment was almost the same, but at 7 days of age it tended to increase in chickens of the experimental group, although a significant difference between groups in this indicator was not found. It was found that the weight of uneviscerated, semi-eviscerated and eviscerated chicken in poultry of the experimental group was greater than similar indicators in the young animals of the control group by 9.3, 9.2, and 9.8 %, and this difference was significant (p<0.01). The yield of semi-eviscerated carcasses was higher in ones of the experimental group (84.19 %), and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions. It was found that the live weight of chickens of the experimental group (consumption of feed with a chelated form of Zinc) prevailed at 7 days of age by 1.1 g; on the 14th day – on 22.1 g (p<0.01); at 21 days – 35.4 g (p<0.01); at 28 days – 94.5 g (p<0.05); at 35 days – 133.6 g (p<0.01); at 42 days – at 218.9 g (p<0.05). Preservation of young animals in the experimental group, which used chelated compounds of Zinc, was higher and amounted to 96 %, compared with the control – 92 %. By age, feed costs per unit weight gain were lower in the experiment, respectively: 0.05; 0.08; 0.12; 0.06; 0.07 and 0.05 kg, compared to the control group. Growing broiler chickens on compound feed with a chelated form of Zinc by 9.8 % (p<0.01) increases the weight of the eviscerated carcass.