Shelterbelt plantings in the Voronezh region occupy an area of approximately 60 thousand hectares. They were created at different times with tree species: poplars, silver birch, English oak, common and green ash , locust, elm, English field maple and Bosnian maple, little-leaved linden; bushes – Elaeagnus angustifolia, yellow acacia, Tatarian honeysuckle, fly honeysuckle, alder buckthorn and other pure and mixed in composition. Width of the bands, row spacing, and planting density determine their growth and condition. It was found that in artificial linear stands with the main species of silver birch with an increase of double width, there is average decrease of the growth parameters to 12 %. Mixed cultures of birch are more productive and in them by the age of 25 years conservation, average diameter, height is greater for 4, 8…16, 3 % as compared to pure composition forest belts. Silver birch is in a dominant position in the stands with green ash, locust, Norway maple and forest apple trees. European ash has higher inventory indices in co-cultivation with English oak and Norway maple than with elm and silver birch. Similar laws are identified also for green ash. For all the considered species active growth period in height and diameter up to the age of 10…15 years is observed. At the same time at middleaged stands on the main soil types, there are differences in the growth of marginal tree belt and central belts. During this period of growth convex transverse profile is usually formed.

.One of the most urgent and significant social problems of our time is the problem of maintaining the ecological stability. Important role in optimizing the environment play greenery. Being a biological filter, they perform environmental, environment protection, recreational and social functions. Qualitatively improving the environment, urban plantations experience the negative impact of certain environmental factors and therefore require careful treatment and proper protection. The results of a comprehensive evaluation of the forest park plantations located in the northern district of the city district of Voronezh. Study included determination of the species composition of plants, forming phytocoenosis, assessment of health status and forest pathology plantations, and the analysis of the spatial structure of the stand, the class definition of aesthetic and hygienic value of the site. Range of plants at the site of research is represented by 3 divisions, 4 classes, 21 orders, 24 families, 38 genera and 44 species. Distribution of plants according to life forms is as follows: tree - 12 species, shrubs - 8 species, vines - 2 species, herbaceous plants - 22 species, lichens - 1 species. On the territory of the forest park very valuable plants are revealed, which include Scots pine, quickbeam and Sorbus intermedia, silver birch, Norway maple. The territory of the forest park belongs to the closed type of spatial structure. The stand is formed by cultures of Scots pine at the age of 45 years. Plantation is characterized by impaired stability; plants have signs of disease, pests, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Hygienic assessment of planting complies with Class 2, the aesthetic value of the object - average one. In order to preserve the forest park plantings and increase their resilience to environmental factors it is proposed to develop the project of reconstruction of the object, including the division of the forest park into functional zones, sanitary measures and for landscaping. Preservation of the park area is a prerequisite for comfortable living of population of Kominternovsky district of city district of Voronezh.

Planting of greenery in the Sochi Olympic Park was necessary during the preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics. The used planting stock in order to maintain their normal physiological activities should be fit with locality’s natural conditions. Landscape and climatic surveys of the Imeretinsky Valley territory were carried out. Author’s and local meteorological station’s observations were the base for these researches.

When laying the Olympic Park of Sochi there was a need in the selection of soil substrates corresponding to the projected plants. When working on the preparation of the construction site wetlands of Imereti lowland were subjected to drainage. Prior to the formation of soil-like structures of the prepared soil substrates, samples for analysis were taken. One hundred and seventy-one soil samples were subjected to particle size and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The results of mechanical studies let to divided substrates in granulometric composition and make recommendations for their use as the underlying soils. The chemical analysis showed that alkaline environment is dominated throughout the park. The average content of organic substance in soils is 2.39 %. The content of nitrogen available to plants is small and on average it is equal to 0.13 %. Number of exchangeable calcium and magnesium is within the allowable limits. High content of available phosphorus and potassium is noted. The content of total forms of arsenic and mercury does not exceed the permissible limits. The concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals such as (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Co) does not exceed background values, only in one case the content of cadmium in clay loam is out of limits – 1.5 mg/kg. According to the content of zinc and manganese situation is more difficult, about a quarter of the samples shows high content of heavy metals. Analysis of the aqueous extract showed that the investigated substrates are not saline; their samples do not include soluble salts which are dangerous to plants. Based on the results of experiments separately for each studied parameter, the conclusion on the suitability of the soil for the purpose of planting soil is made.

Природопользование-------------------------------------------------------------------- 98Лесотехнический журнал 4/2016 DOI: УДК 911.2 ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА БИОЦИРКУЛЯЦИОННЫХ ЛАНДШАФТНЫХ СТРУКТУР ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО БИОСФЕРНОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук О. В. Трегубов 1 кандидат географических наук, доцент В. Н. Солнцев 1 кандидат биологических наук, доцент М. В. Кочергина 1 кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук Е. С. Фурменкова 1 1 -ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г. Ф. Морозова», г. Воронеж, Российская ФедерацияНа основе полиструктурного подхода рассмотрены и классифицированы биоциркуляционные ландшафтные структуры Воронежского биосферного заповедника. Определена приуроченность родов экосистем к ландшафтным уровням. Полученны результаты по характеристике экологических систем, их распределения и свойств. Предагаемый подход позволил выделить на территории Воронежского заповедника тип транзитных, автономных и аккумулятивных наземные экосистемы, относящихся к семействам быстро текущих рек и ручьев, пойменных лесов и высокотравий, светлохвойных лесов, луговых степей, летнезеленых лиственных лесов(дубовых), летнезеленых лиственных лесов (мелколиственных), болот. Экосистемы автономного типа функционируют на основе экономного, а в ряде случаев и повторного использования необходимых для жизнедеятельности веществ. Абиотический перенос веществ в экосистемах автономного типа непостоянен. Накопление веществ в пределах экосистем несколько выше, чем в транзитных, но очень сильно уступает аналогичному показателю в аккумулятивных системах. Интенсивность абиотической циркуляции веществ в пределах экосистемы максимальна среди всех типов. Экосистемы транзитного типа функционируютна основе эффективного транзита и удерживания вещества. Обычно компоненты биоты экосистем транзитного типа не отличаются высокой адаптивностью к поиску веществ. Наиболее разнообразны водные транзитные экосистемы, но существуют и различные классы наземных. Экосистемы аккумулятивного типаприспособлены к избытку одних веществ и недостатку других. Экосистемы аккумулятивного типа отличаются максимальным объемом поступающих в экосистему веществ и почти полным отсутствием их выноса. По сравнению с поступлением веществ извне, интенсивность биотической циркуляции веществ внутри экосистемы очень невелика. Накопление же веществ внутри экосистемы в этом типе максимально. Биота аккумулятивных наземных экосистем отличается способностью существовать в условиях недостатка одних веществ и явного избытка других. Принадлежность экосистемы к тому или иному типу определяется особенностями исторического саморазвития биоты.Ключевые слова: полиструктурный подход, геостационарная ландшафтная структура, биоциркуляционная ландшафтная структура, типы экосистем, роды экосистем, ландшафтный уровень. AbstractOn the basis of the polystructural approach biosimulation landscape structure of the Voronezh biosphere reserve are considered and classified. Distribution of ecosystem delivery to landscape levels are determined. Results on the characteriz...