No abstract

The relevance of the study is defined by the need to identify problems and determine prospects for business development in the agrarian sphere of economy in the regions of Russia in the context of new challenges to external economic environment. The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations on optimization of the state agrarian policy in the field of agricultural business development on the basis of analysis of the current situation and to identify trends in agriculture development of Russia and its regions. The novelty of the study is to identify trends in the development of agricultural business in the regions of Russia and to develop directions for improving the organization of efficient agricultural entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper presents the analysis of efficiency of agricultural business, identifies trends, problems and prospects for its development, defines priority directions for improving the organization of activities of agricultural business of the Republic of Tatarstan. Theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper can be applied in scientific research on the development of agricultural business, in scientific justification of main directions, methods and mechanisms for the implementation of the state agro-food policy. The practical significance of research results includes the possibility of using them in the development of agrarian policy, formation of effective mechanisms of state impact on the development of agro-food complex at federal and regional levels to achieve high targets.

The relevance of the study is defined by the need to develop agricultural markets at the regional level in response to new challenges to external economic environment. The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations on optimization of grain production and sale efficiency on the basis of analysis of the current situation and identification of trends in agricultural development in the regions of Russia. The novelty of the study is to identify trends in the development of the grain market at the regional level and to justify the necessary priority measures to increase the economic efficiency of the grain production industry. The paper presents the analysis of the level of development of the grain market, identifies priority directions to increase the production volume and efficiency of cereal production, recommendations to ensure sustainable growth of revenues from the sale of grain products. The practical significance of research results includes the possibility of using them in the design of programs for the development of regional food markets, organizational and economic, technological measures to increase the efficiency of grain production in farms in order to achieve high targets.

In 2020, exports from Russia amounted to about 79 million tons of agricultural products and food worth $ 30.7 billion, which is 20% more than in 2019. By 2024, the volume of exports of agricultural products should grow to $ 45 billion, which indicates export opportunities and its prospects. The drought of the growing season of 2021, together with internal factors, caused a shortfall in crop production in the Republic of Tatarstan in the amount of about 43 billion rubles, and a 48% increase in the cost of grain led to a shortfall in profit in the amount of 3 billion rubles. Unfavorable external economic factors, imperfection of state regulation in terms of organizational and administrative nature, lead to a decrease in production efficiency, which could be observed on the example of the beet industry, manifested in an increase in prices for its final products in 2020. Studies have shown that under the same soil-climatic, economic conditions of management, the efficiency of grain production in the context of municipal districts of the Transcamian zone of the Republic of Tatarstan differed significantly (the average level of profitability for 3 years ranged from 13% to 24%). An analysis of the financial results of agricultural enterprises of the republic for 2015-2020 showed that four out of six years, agricultural producers, excluding subsidies from budgets, had a negative financial result, which necessitates an increase in government measures aimed at compensating for the loss of income to agricultural producers. In order to make more complete use of internal reserves, it is necessary to study and implement the technology and organization of production from commodity producers who, under the same soil and climatic conditions, show a high level of production efficiency. State executive authorities, represented by line ministries and departments, should take measures to stimulate production volumes, strengthen intervention measures in the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food, regulate imports and exports, and ensure price parity measures in agricultural industries

One of the most acute problems of agriculture in the Republic of Tatarstan in modern conditions is the progressive degradation of soil cover. Every year the scale of water erosion increases, causing huge damage not only to agriculture, but also to large and small rivers of the region. The territory of the republic is characterized by a large dissection, which serves as the basis of soil erosion. The research was carried out to analyze the impact of soil erosion on the efficiency of agricultural production and the development of science-based measures to combat soil erosion in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. In general, in the subject of the Federation it is necessary to carry out erosion control works on the area of more than 2 million hectares of agricultural land. Every year spring melt water and storm water runoff on average washes away up to 22 tons of fertile soil from one hectare of arable land, which leads to an annual loss of up to 700 thousand tons of humus in the scale of the Republic of Tatarstan. This is comparable to the introduction of 10 million tons of organic fertilizers. Complex of anti-erosion measures depending on the relief and objective conditions of terrain includes organizational-economic, agromeliorative, forest-meliorative and hydromeliorative works, which ensure effective regulation of storm and melt water runoff, increase moisture reserve in soil cover and reduce washout of fertile soil layer, prevent new and expansion and spread of existing erosion centers and thereby contribute to improvement of fertility of agricultural lands. Thus, in the course of scientific research it is established that on average in the Republic of Tatarstan one set of anti-erosion measures protects up to 120 hectares of land from further development of erosion processes. The cost of the complex of anti-erosion measures, including anti-erosion pond - 2.5 million rubles, the payback period is 2 years.