Feedback is one of the most significant elements for political system’s functioning. Not only social and political stability depend on the effectiveness of its channels and mechanisms, and the extent of it being taken into account in the political process, but also resilience of the political system constructed. During the digital age, when the political processes in society are much more intensive in the society and the process of opinion exchange is more open, authorities, on the one hand, have significantly more opportunities for monitoring, analysis and consideration of feedback in order to correct the political course being pursued, and on the other hand, rapid response and decision making are required from authorities. It is primarily connected to the great degree of penetration of the online-environment into peoples’ lives. Here emerged many threatens and risks for authorities connected with the possibility of destructive impact on public opinion and attempt to manipulating it. For this goal the article tries to define the essence of political feedback and its significance for today’s political process; its basic components and their role in political system’s functioning are stated; the potential of political feedback from the point of view of enhancing the effectiveness of decision made by the authorities and adequate response to the public enquiries and demands; finally, the main possible barriers on the way of realization of political feedback.

Introduction: At present digitalization is an undeniable factor of social life, inner state processes and foreign affairs; it has built its main patterns and trends, mostly vividly observed in the development of digital economy which has become a firm ground for strengthening the globalization outcomes. Objectives: to identify the key trends and issues of the global digital economy, as well as the way it influences on value-behavioral patterns of modern societies. Methods: institutional and neo-institutional approaches, comparative analysis, structural-functional approach, statistical data. Results: the article examines the fundamental developmental trends of the global digital economy, both in quantitative and qualitative representations, as well as from problem-based point of view; the outlines of changes in human value-behavioral patterns have been also illustrated. Conclusions: for most modern societies, new technologies and the digital space they form have become an important part of life. More active involvement of individuals into this space has transformed their value focus and attitudes, behavioral models and even started to form new needs. The economic sphere is the one that experiences most large-scale transformations, offering many new opportunities for actors to increase their profits. At the same time, there emerged a lot of problems related to the digital inequality (in countries, societies, and certain individuals), safety issues, social-cultural problems, speeding up social-economic processes and unpredictability of social development. Overall, the digitalization is quite a contradictory phenomenon, which has dramatically changed societies and affected the natural value-behavioral patterns of their members.

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The presidency institution is of special importance to the majority of Post-Soviet States and plays a key role in their respective political arenas. At the same time, the existing institutional mechanisms of presidential power significantly differ from the "classic" world models which they were initially based on. This is true for the nature of the presidency institution and, to a greater degree, to the peculiarities of its function. Even though the institutional design of their political systems differs significantly, the presidential power in Post-Soviet countries functions in fairly similar ways. With that said, it appears necessary to identify patterns of development of the presidency institution in the Post-Soviet countries that developed over almost three decades. Pursuant thereto, this article attempts to analyze the dynamics of development of the presidency institution in these states, their respective peculiarities of function, the existing institutional mechanisms of interaction between the head of state and other public authorities, as well as its influence on the political system as a whole. The author looks at the presidential power not only from the formal-institutional perspective but also takes into account the most frequent informal practices.

посвящена проблеме оценки эффективности президентской власти. На основе анализа различных подходов к пониманию эффективности власти и ее критериям предложена методика оценки эффективности института президента. При этом особое внимание уделяется сложностям, возникающим при исследовании эффективности президентской власти. В работе подчеркивается необходимость учета институциональной специфики последней, особенностей систем правления, а также результатов деятельности главы государства как на длительном отрезке времени, так и в текущий период.