Introduction.This study focuses on topical issues of etiopathogenesis, clinic and treatment of radiation injuries of hard dental tissues in patients who completed antitumor therapy.Review of literature data.In the course of reviewing both domestic and foreign sources of literature covering certain aspects of the problem, the authors formulate the principles of the differential diagnosis of radiation caries, prevention and treatment specificity.Results.The studies were performed at the TRSC “Russkoe Pole” from January 2017 to August 2018 (the median is 20 months). A group of 2005 patients who received radiation therapy for the treatment of hemoblastosis, solid tumors, including for the purpose of consolidation before the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, was selected. The most severe lesions of the dentition were detected in 74 (3.2 %) patients during the rehabilitation period, mainly with tumors of the central nervous system: radiation caries, trisism, adentia. Radiation caries is a common complication of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents.Conclusion.The severity of radial caries is determined by the local dose and age of the patients at the time of exposure.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding.